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Financial institutions face increasing cyber risk while operating under strict regulatory oversight. To manage this risk, they rely heavily on Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) to inform detection, response, and strategic security decisions.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Emir Karaosman , Advije Rizvani , Irdin Pekaric

Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is essential for effective system defense. CTI is a collection of information about current or past threats to a computer system. This information is gathered by an agent through observation, or based on a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Laurent Bobelin , Sabine Frittella , Mariam Wehbe

This study introduces an innovative approach to automating Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) processes in industrial environments by leveraging Microsoft's AI-powered security technologies. Historically, CTI has heavily relied on manual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Shrit Shah , Fatemeh Khoda Parast

In the dynamic cyber threat landscape, effective decision-making under uncertainty is crucial for maintaining robust information security. This paper introduces the Cyber Resilience Index (CRI), a threat-informed probabilistic approach to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Lampis Alevizos , Vinh-Thong Ta

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) is critical for mitigating threats to organizations, governments, and institutions, yet the necessary data are often dispersed across diverse formats. AI-driven solutions for CTI Information Extraction (IE)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Olga Sorokoletova , Emanuele Antonioni , Giordano Colò

Organizations investing in artificial intelligence face a fundamental challenge: traditional return on investment calculations fail to capture the dual nature of AI implementations, which simultaneously reduce certain operational risks…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Hernan Huwyler

Due to the variety of cyber-attacks or threats, the cybersecurity community enhances the traditional security control mechanisms to an advanced level so that automated tools can encounter potential security threats. Very recently, Cyber…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Md Imran Hossen , Ashraful Islam , Farzana Anowar , Eshtiak Ahmed , Mohammad Masudur Rahman , Xiali , Hei

With the proliferation of digitization and its usage in critical sectors, it is necessary to include information about the occurrence and assessment of cyber threats in an organization's threat mitigation strategy. This Cyber Threat…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Alfonso Iacovazzi , Han Wang , Ismail Butun , Shahid Raza

Cyber threats continue to evolve in complexity, thereby traditional Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) methods struggle to keep pace. AI offers a potential solution, automating and enhancing various tasks, from data ingestion to resilience…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Lampis Alevizos , Martijn Dekker

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes deeply embedded in critical services and everyday products, it is increasingly exposed to security threats which traditional cyber defenses were not designed to handle. In this paper, we investigate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Natalia Krawczyk , Mateusz Szczepkowski , Adrian Brodzik , Krzysztof Bocianiak

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) sharing is an important activity to reduce information asymmetries between attackers and defenders. However, this activity presents challenges due to the tension between data sharing and confidentiality, that…

Proactive approaches to security, such as adversary emulation, leverage information about threat actors and their techniques (Cyber Threat Intelligence, CTI). However, most CTI still comes in unstructured forms (i.e., natural language),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Vittorio Orbinato , Mariarosaria Barbaraci , Roberto Natella , Domenico Cotroneo

In response to the escalating cyber threats, the efficiency of Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) data collection has become paramount in ensuring robust cybersecurity. However, existing works encounter significant challenges in preprocessing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Jamal H. Al-Yasiri , Mohamad Fadli Bin Zolkipli , Nik Fatinah N Mohd Farid , Mohammed Alsamman , Zainab Ali Mohammed

Smart city improved the quality of life for the citizens by implementing information communication technology (ICT) such as the internet of things (IoT). Nevertheless, the smart city is a critical environment that needs to secure it is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Najla Al-Taleb , Nazar Abbas Saqib , Atta-ur-Rahman , Sujata Dash

Threat intelligence on malware attacks and campaigns is increasingly being shared with other security experts for a cost or for free. Other security analysts use this intelligence to inform them of indicators of compromise, attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Nidhi Rastogi , Sharmishtha Dutta , Mohammed J. Zaki , Alex Gittens , Charu Aggarwal

Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) analysts routinely convert noisy, unstructured security artifacts into standardized, automation-ready representations. Although large language models (LLMs) show promise for this task, existing approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Md Tanvirul Alam , Aritran Piplai , Ionut Cardei , Nidhi Rastogi , Peter J Worth

Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is central to modern cybersecurity, providing critical insights for detecting and mitigating evolving threats. With the natural language understanding and reasoning capabilities of large language models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Yutong Cheng , Yang Liu , Changze Li , Dawn Song , Peng Gao

Effective incident response (IR) is critical for mitigating cyber threats, yet security teams are overwhelmed by alert fatigue, high false-positive rates, and the vast volume of unstructured Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) documents. While…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Amine Tellache , Abdelaziz Amara Korba , Amdjed Mokhtari , Horea Moldovan , Yacine Ghamri-Doudane

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) is the knowledge of cyber and physical threats that help mitigate potential cyber attacks. The rapid evolution of the current threat landscape has seen many organisations share CTI to strengthen their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Kealan Dunnett , Shantanu Pal , Guntur Dharma Putra , Zahra Jadidi , Raja Jurdak

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) plays a crucial role in assessing risks and enhancing security for organizations. However, the process of extracting relevant information from unstructured text sources can be expensive and time-consuming.…

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