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Digital Twins (DTs) offer powerful tools for managing complex infrastructure systems, but their effectiveness is often limited by challenges in integrating unstructured knowledge. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) bring new…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Naiyi Li , Zihui Ma , Runlong Yu , Lingyao Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language processing tasks, but their vulnerability to jailbreak attacks poses significant security risks. This survey paper presents a comprehensive analysis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Tarun Raheja , Nilay Pochhi , F. D. C. M. Curie

The volume, variety, and velocity of change in vulnerabilities and exploits have made incident threat analysis challenging with human expertise and experience along. Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs) are to describe how and why…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Reza Fayyazi , Shanchieh Jay Yang

Digital Twin (DT) has gained great interest as an innovative technology in Industry 4.0 that enables advanced modeling, simulation, and optimization of service and manufacturing systems. This article provides an extensive review of the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-01-26 Sarow Saeedi

Cyber defense is reactive and slow. On average, the time-to-remedy is hundreds of times larger than the time-to-compromise. In response to the expanding ever-more-complex threat landscape, Digital Twins (DTs) and particularly Human Digital…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Tam N. Nguyen

Recent research has shown that Machine Learning/Deep Learning (ML/DL) models are particularly vulnerable to adversarial perturbations, which are small changes made to the input data in order to fool a machine learning classifier. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Wilson Patterson , Ivan Fernandez , Subash Neupane , Milan Parmar , Sudip Mittal , Shahram Rahimi

As a national critical infrastructure, the smart grid has attracted widespread attention for its cybersecurity issues. The development towards an intelligent, digital, and Internet-connected smart grid has attracted external adversaries for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Tianming Zheng , Ping Yi , Yue Wu

This paper presents a large language model (LLM)-based framework that adapts and fine-tunes compact LLMs for detecting cyberattacks on transformer current differential relays (TCDRs), which can otherwise cause false tripping of critical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ahmad Mohammad Saber , Saeed Jafari , Zhengmao Ouyang , Paul Budnarain , Amr Youssef , Deepa Kundur

Smart city improved the quality of life for the citizens by implementing information communication technology (ICT) such as the internet of things (IoT). Nevertheless, the smart city is a critical environment that needs to secure it is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Najla Al-Taleb , Nazar Abbas Saqib , Atta-ur-Rahman , Sujata Dash

While tool learning significantly enhances the capabilities of large language models (LLMs), it also introduces substantial security risks. Prior research has revealed various vulnerabilities in traditional LLMs during tool learning.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yifei Liu , Yu Cui , Haibin Zhang

Optical communication is developing rapidly in the directions of hardware resource diversification, transmission system flexibility, and network function virtualization. Its proliferation poses a significant challenge to traditional optical…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Danshi Wang , Zhiguo Zhang , Min Zhang , Meixia Fu , Jin Li , Shanyong Cai , Chunyu Zhang , Xue Chen

Digital twins (DTs), which are virtual environments that simulate, predict, and optimize the performance of their physical counterparts, hold great promise in revolutionizing next-generation wireless networks. While DTs have been…

As generative AI, particularly large language models (LLMs), become increasingly integrated into production applications, new attack surfaces and vulnerabilities emerge and put a focus on adversarial threats in natural language and…

In the contemporary digital age, Quantum Computing and Artificial Intelligence (AI) convergence is reshaping the cyber landscape, introducing unprecedented opportunities and potential vulnerabilities.This research, conducted over five…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Petar Radanliev , David De Roure , Omar Santos

The Digital Twins (DT) has quickly become a hot topic since it was proposed. It not only appears in all kinds of commercial propaganda, but also is widely quoted by academic circles. However, there are misstatements and misuse of the term…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Jiehan Zhou , Shouhua Zhang , Mu Gu

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into cyber security applications presents both opportunities and critical safety risks. We introduce CyberLLMInstruct, a dataset of 54,928 pseudo-malicious instruction-response pairs spanning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Adel ElZemity , Budi Arief , Shujun Li

Digital twin (DT) enables smart manufacturing by leveraging real-time data, AI models, and intelligent control systems. This paper presents a state-of-the-art analysis on the emerging field of DTs in the context of milling. The critical…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-16 Wenyi Liu , R. Sharma , W. "Grace" Guo , J. Yi , Y. B. Guo

The scale of Internet-connected systems has increased considerably, and these systems are being exposed to cyber attacks more than ever. The complexity and dynamics of cyber attacks require protecting mechanisms to be responsive, adaptive,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Thanh Thi Nguyen , Vijay Janapa Reddi

Due to perceptions of efficiency and significant productivity gains, various organisations, including in education, are adopting Large Language Models (LLMs) into their workflows. Educator-facing, learner-facing, and institution-facing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Farzana Zahid , Anjalika Sewwandi , Lee Brandon , Vimal Kumar , Roopak Sinha

In the era of 5G and beyond, the increasing complexity of wireless networks necessitates innovative frameworks for efficient management and deployment. Digital twins (DTs), embodying real-time monitoring, predictive configurations, and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Zifan Zhang , Minghong Fang , Mingzhe Chen , Gaolei Li , Xi Lin , Yuchen Liu