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Powered by position-flexible antennas, the emerging fluid antenna system (FAS) technology is postulated as a key enabler for massive connectivity in 6G networks. The free movement of antenna elements enables the opportunistic minimization…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-24 Pablo Ramirez-Espinosa , David Morales-Jimenez , Kai-Kit Wong

The fluid antenna system (FAS) employs reconfigurable antennas for high spatial gains in compact spaces, enhancing physical layer flexibility. Channel state information (CSI) acquisition is vital for port selection and FAS optimization.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Zhentian Zhang , David Morales-Jimenez , Jian Dang , Zaichen Zhang , Christos Masouros , Hao Jiang

The fluid antenna (FA) index modulation (IM)-enabled multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, referred to as FA-IM, significantly enhances spectral efficiency (SE) compared to the conventional FA-assisted MIMO system. To improve…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Xinghao Guo , Yin Xu , Dazhi He , Cixiao Zhang , Hanjiang Hong , Kai-Kit Wong , Wenjun Zhang , Yiyan Wu

This paper examines a fluid antenna (FA)-assisted simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system. Unlike traditional SWIPT systems with fixed-position antennas (FPAs), our FA-assisted system enables dynamic…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-25 Liaoshi Zhou , Junteng Yao , Tuo Wu , Ming Jin , Chau Yuen , Fumiyuki Adachi

This paper proposes a hardware-software co-design approach to efficiently optimize beamforming and port selection in fluid antenna systems (FASs). To begin with, a fluid-antenna (FA)-enabled downlink multi-cell multiple-input…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-21 Sai Xu , Kai-Kit Wong , Yanan Du , Hanjiang Hong , Chan-Byoung Chae , Baiyang Liu , Kin-Fai Tong

Fluid antenna systems (FAS) are an emerging technology that promises a significant diversity gain even in the smallest spaces. Motivated by the groundbreaking potentials of liquid antennas, researchers in the wireless communication…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Malek Khammassi , Abla Kammoun , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

This letter studies the performance of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided communications for a fluid antenna system (FAS) enabled receiver. Specifically, a fixed singleantenna base station (BS) transmits information through a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Farshad Rostami Ghadi , Kai-Kit Wong , Wee Kiat New , Hao Xu , Ross Murch , Yangyang Zhang

With the development of the upcoming sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks, there is a pressing need for innovative technologies capable of satisfying heightened performance indicators. Fluid antenna system (FAS) is proposed recently as a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-12 Yuqi Ye , Li You , Hao Xu , Ahmed Elzanaty , Kai-Kit Wong , Xiqi Gao

Fluid antenna systems (FAS) have emerged as a revolutionary technology offering enhanced spatial diversity within a compact form factor. Concurrently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are integral to future networks, necessitating channel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Xusheng Zhu , Kai-Kit Wong , Qingqing Wu , Hyundong Shin , Yangyang Zhang

This paper investigates a multiple input single output (MISO) downlink communication system in which users are equipped with fluid antennas (FAs). First, we adopt a field-response based channel model to characterize the downlink channel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Haoran Qin , Wen Chen , Zhendong Li , Qingqing Wu , Nan Cheng , Fangjiong Chen

This paper proposes a novel multiple-access framework, termed the phased ultra massive antenna array (PUMA), which exploits the distinctive spatial flexibility of fluid antenna systems (FAS) at the user equipment (UE). Building upon fluid…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Hanjiang Hong , Kai-Kit Wong , Xusheng Zhu , Chenguang Rao , Dazhi He , Hyundong Shin

The flexibility and reconfigurability at the radio frequency (RF) front-end offered by the fluid antenna system (FAS) make this technology promising for providing remarkable diversity gains in networks with small and constrained devices.…

This paper introduces a fluid antenna system (FAS) into reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) communication networks, where the non-orthogonal users are equipped with planar fluid antennas.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xinwei Yue , He Geng , Jingjing Zhao , Xianli Gong , Aryan Kaushik , Arumugam Nallanathan

In this paper, we analyze the role of fluid antenna systems (FAS) in multi-user systems with hardware impairments (HIs). Specifically, we investigate a scenario where a base station (BS) equipped with multiple fluid antennas communicates…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-23 Junteng Yao , Tuo Wu , Liaoshi Zhou , Ming Jin , Cunhua Pan , Maged Elkashlan , Fumiyuki Adachi , George K. Karagiannidis , Naofal Al-Dhahir , Chau Yuen

This paper studies the performance of a wireless powered communication network (WPCN) under the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme, where users take advantage of an emerging fluid antenna system (FAS). More precisely, we consider…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Farshad Rostami Ghadi , Masoud Kaveh , Kai-Kit Wong , Riku Jantti , Zheng Yan

In this letter, we study the energy efficiency maximization problem for a fluid antenna system (FAS) in near field communications. Specifically, we consider a point-to-point near-field system where the base station (BS) transmitter has…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-26 Yixuan Chen , Mingzhe Chen , Hao Xu , Zhaohui Yang , Kai-Kit Wong , Zhaoyang Zhang

Fluid antenna multiple access (FAMA) is capable of exploiting the high spatial diversity of wireless channels to mitigate multi-user interference via flexible port switching, which achieves a better performance than traditional…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Xiao Lin , Halvin Yang , Yizhe Zhao , Jie Hu , Kai-Kit Wong

The position-fluid antenna (PFA) architecture has become one of the appealing technologies to support ubiquitous connectivity demand in next-generation wireless systems. Specifically, allowing the antenna to adjust its physical position to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Heyin Shen , Chong Han , Hao Liu , Tao Yang

The integration of communication and computation is essential for next-generation wireless systems, especially in scenarios demanding massive connectivity and ultra-low latency. Over-the-air federated learning (AirFL), leveraging the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-13 Saeid Pakravan , Mohsen Ahmadzadeh , Ming Zeng , Ghosheh Abed Hodtani , Xingwang Li

Fluid antenna represents a concept where a mechanically flexible antenna can switch its location freely within a given space. Recently, it has been reported that even with a tiny space, a single-antenna fluid antenna system (FAS) can…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Kai-Kit Wong , Arman Shojaeifard , Kin-Fai Tong , Yangyang Zhang