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Looped language models (LoopLMs) improve parameter efficiency by recursively reusing Transformer blocks, enabling deeper computation under a fixed model size. However, this reuse makes LoopLMs more fragile under post-training quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Rui Fang , Hsi-Wen Chen , Ming-Syan Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased remarkable impacts across a wide spectrum of natural language processing tasks. Fine-tuning these pretrained models on downstream datasets provides further significant performance gains; however,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Zhikai Li , Xiaoxuan Liu , Banghua Zhu , Zhen Dong , Qingyi Gu , Kurt Keutzer

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a widely adopted technique for compressing and accelerating Large Language Models (LLMs). The major challenge in LLM quantization is that uneven and heavy-tailed data distributions can expand…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Xing Hu , Yuan Cheng , Dawei Yang , Zukang Xu , Zhihang Yuan , Jiangyong Yu , Chen Xu , Zhe Jiang , Sifan Zhou

Recent studies introduced effective compression techniques for Large Language Models (LLMs) via post-training quantization or low-bit weight representation. Although quantized weights offer storage efficiency and allow for faster inference,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Irina Proskurina , Luc Brun , Guillaume Metzler , Julien Velcin

Large language models (LLMs) are omnipresent, however their practical deployment is challenging due to their ever increasing computational and memory demands. Quantization is one of the most effective ways to make them more compute and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yelysei Bondarenko , Riccardo Del Chiaro , Markus Nagel

Recent advances in deep learning methods such as LLMs and Diffusion models have created a need for improved quantization methods that can meet the computational demands of these modern architectures while maintaining accuracy. Towards this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Haihao Shen , Naveen Mellempudi , Xin He , Qun Gao , Chang Wang , Mengni Wang

Quantization is an effective technique to reduce the deployment cost of large language models (LLMs), and post-training quantization (PTQ) has been widely studied due to its efficiency. However, existing PTQ methods are limited by their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qitao Tan , Xiaoying Song , Jin Lu , Guoming Li , Jun Liu , Lingzi Hong , Caiwen Ding , Jundong Li , Xiaoming Zhai , Shaoyi Huang , Wei Niu , Geng Yuan

Large language models of high parameter counts are computationally expensive, yet can be made much more efficient by compressing their weights to very low numerical precision. This can be achieved either through post-training quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Zifei Xu , Sayeh Sharify , Wanzin Yazar , Tristan Webb , Xin Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing tasks. However, their practical deployment is hindered by their immense memory and computation requirements. Although recent post-training quantization (PTQ)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Wenqi Shao , Mengzhao Chen , Zhaoyang Zhang , Peng Xu , Lirui Zhao , Zhiqian Li , Kaipeng Zhang , Peng Gao , Yu Qiao , Ping Luo

Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer severe performance degradation when facing extremely low-bit (sub 2-bit) quantization. Several existing sub 2-bit post-training quantization (PTQ) methods utilize a mix-precision scheme by leveraging an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Jiaqi Zhao , Miao Zhang , Ming Wang , Yuzhang Shang , Kaihao Zhang , Weili Guan , Yaowei Wang , Min Zhang

Existing post-training quantization methods for large language models (LLMs) offer remarkable success. However, the increasingly marginal performance gains suggest that existing quantization strategies are insufficient to support the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Jiaqi Zhao , Miao Zhang , Deng Xiang , Ming Li , Weili Guan , Liqiang Nie

As the size of large language models (LLMs) continues to grow, model compression without sacrificing accuracy has become a crucial challenge for deployment. While some quantization methods, such as GPTQ, have made progress in achieving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Liang Li , Qingyuan Li , Bo Zhang , Xiangxiang Chu

Large language models (LLMs) demand extensive memory capacity during both fine-tuning and inference. To enable memory-efficient fine-tuning, existing methods apply block-wise quantization techniques, such as NF4 and AF4, to the network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Patrick Blumenberg , Thomas Graave , Tim Fingscheidt

The recent hardware-accelerated microscaling 4-bit floating-point formats such as MXFP4 and NVFP4, supported on NVIDIA and AMD GPUs, promise to revolutionize large language model (LLM) inference. Yet, their practical benefits remain…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown immense potential across various domains, but their high memory requirements and inference costs remain critical challenges for deployment. Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Tianyi Zhang , Anshumali Shrivastava

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is a promising approach to reducing the storage and computational requirements of large language models (LLMs) without additional training cost. Recent PTQ studies have primarily focused on quantizing only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Reena Elangovan , Charbel Sakr , Anand Raghunathan , Brucek Khailany

Recently, quantization has been widely used for the compression and acceleration of large language models (LLMs). Due to the outliers in LLMs, it is crucial to flatten weights and activations to minimize quantization error with equally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yuxuan Sun , Ruikang Liu , Haoli Bai , Han Bao , Kang Zhao , Yuening Li , Jiaxin Hu , Xianzhi Yu , Lu Hou , Chun Yuan , Xin Jiang , Wulong Liu , Jun Yao

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as an effective technique for compressing large models and accelerating inference without retraining. While PTQ has been extensively studied in large language models (LLMs), its application to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yufei Xue , Yushi Huang , Jiawei Shao , Lunjie Zhu , Chi Zhang , Xuelong Li , Jun Zhang

The post-training quantization (PTQ) challenge of bringing quantized neural net accuracy close to original has drawn much attention driven by industry demand. Many of the methods emphasize optimization of a specific degree-of-freedom (DoF),…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-21 Alex Finkelstein , Ella Fuchs , Idan Tal , Mark Grobman , Niv Vosco , Eldad Meller

Post-training quantization is widely employed to reduce the computational demands of neural networks. Typically, individual substructures, such as layers or blocks of layers, are quantized with the objective of minimizing quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Khasmamad Shabanovi , Lukas Wiest , Vladimir Golkov , Daniel Cremers , Thomas Pfeil