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JavaScript has been consistently among the most popular programming languages in the past decade. However, its dynamic, weakly-typed, and asynchronous nature can make it challenging to write maintainable code for developers without in-depth…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Vikas Kambhampati , Nehaz Hussain Mohammed , Amin Milani Fard

Through a mixed-method analysis of data from Scratch, we examine how novices learn to program with simple data structures by using community-produced learning resources. First, we present a qualitative study that describes how…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Ruijia Cheng , Sayamindu Dasgupta , Benjamin Mako Hill

Creative coding platforms like Scratch have democratized programming for children, yet translating imaginative ideas into functional code remains a significant hurdle for many young learners. While AI copilots assist adult programmers, few…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Stefania Druga , Amy J. Ko

Large Language Models (LLMs) have rapidly transformed software development, especially in code generation. However, their inconsistent performance, prone to hallucinations and quality issues, complicates program comprehension and hinders…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Antonio Della Porta , Stefano Lambiase , Fabio Palomba

[Context] Applying design principles has long been acknowledged as beneficial for understanding and maintainability in traditional software projects. These benefits may similarly hold for Machine Learning (ML) projects, which involve…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Raphael Cabral , Marcos Kalinowski , Maria Teresa Baldassarre , Hugo Villamizar , Tatiana Escovedo , Hélio Lopes

Code readability is one of the main aspects of code quality, influenced by various properties like identifier names, comments, code structure, and adherence to standards. However, measuring this attribute poses challenges in both industry…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Igor Regis da Silva Simoes , Elaine Venson

Teaching programming to K-12 students has become essential. In this context, App Inventor is a popular block-based programming environment used by a wide audience, from K-12 to higher education, including end-users to create mobile…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Nathalia da Cruz Alves , Christiane Gresse von Wangenheim , Jean Carlo Rossa Hauck

Large language models (LLMs) are being increasingly adopted in the software engineering domain, yet the robustness of their grasp on core software design concepts remains unclear. We conduct an empirical study to systematically evaluate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Mootez Saad , Boqi Chen , José Antonio Hernández López , Dániel Varró , Tushar Sharma

Code analysis is fundamental in Software Engineering, supporting debugging, optimization, and security assessment. Human developers approach it through syntax parsing, static semantics inference, and dynamic reasoning. Traditional tools are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Wei Ma , Zhihao Lin , Shangqing Liu , Qiang Hu , Ye Liu , Wenhan Wang , Cen Zhang , Liming Nie , Li Li , Yang Liu , Lingxiao Jiang

Context: In the realm of software development, maintaining high software quality is a persistent challenge. However, this challenge is often impeded by the lack of comprehensive understanding of how specific code modifications influence…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Thomas Karanikiotis , Andreas L. Symeonidis

Motivation: Code understandability is crucial in software development, as developers spend 58% to 70% of their time reading source code. Improving it can improve productivity and reduce maintenance costs. Problem: Experimental studies often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Delano Oliveira , Reydne Santos , Benedito de Oliveira , Martin Monperrus , Fernando Castor , Fernanda Madeiral

Learning-based techniques, especially advanced pre-trained models for code have demonstrated capabilities in code understanding and generation, solving diverse software engineering (SE) tasks. Despite the promising results, current training…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Kyi Shin Khant , Hong Yi Lin , Patanamon Thongtanunam

Refactorings are transformations to improve the code design without changing overall functionality and observable behavior. During the refactoring process of smelly test code, practitioners may struggle to identify refactoring candidates…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Luana Martins , Denivan Campos , Railana Santana , Joselito Mota Junior , Heitor Costa , Ivan Machado

Deep Learning (DL) frameworks play a critical role in advancing artificial intelligence, and their rapid growth underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of software quality and maintainability. DL frameworks, like other…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Maram Assi , Safwat Hassan , Ying Zou

Context: Test smells are symptoms of sub-optimal design choices adopted when developing test cases. Previous studies have proved their harmfulness for test code maintainability and effectiveness. Therefore, researchers have been proposing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Valeria Pontillo , Dario Amoroso d'Aragona , Fabiano Pecorelli , Dario Di Nucci , Filomena Ferrucci , Fabio Palomba

Is the quality of existing code correlated with the quality of subsequent changes? According to the (controversial) broken windows theory, which inspired this study, disorder sets descriptive norms and signals behavior that further…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Diomidis Spinellis , Panos Louridas , Maria Kechagia , Tushar Sharma

AI code generators like OpenAI Codex have the potential to assist novice programmers by generating code from natural language descriptions, however, over-reliance might negatively impact learning and retention. To explore the implications…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Majeed Kazemitabaar , Justin Chow , Carl Ka To Ma , Barbara J. Ericson , David Weintrop , Tovi Grossman

As the development of Solidity contracts on Ethereum, more developers are reusing them on other compatible blockchains. However, developers may overlook the differences between the designs of the blockchain system, such as the Gas Mechanism…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Zexu Wang , Jiachi Chen , Tao Zhang , Yu Zhang , Weizhe Zhang , Yuming Feng , Zibin Zheng

Sketching is an important means of communication in software engineering practice. Yet, there is little research investigating the use of sketches. We want to contribute a better understanding of sketching, in particular its use during…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-12-06 Sebastian Baltes , Stefan Wagner

Integrated Development Environments shape developers' daily experience, yet the empirical study of their usability and user experience (UX) remains limited. This work presents an LLM-assisted approach to detecting UX smells in Visual Studio…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Andrés Rodriguez , Juan Cruz Gardey , Alejandra Garrido