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Goal-conditioned hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) decomposes complex reaching tasks into a sequence of simple subgoal-conditioned tasks, showing significant promise for addressing long-horizon planning in large-scale environments.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Haoran Wang , Yaoru Sun , Zeshen Tang , Haibo Shi , Chenyuan Jiao

Manipulating articulated tools, such as tweezers or scissors, has rarely been explored in previous research. Unlike rigid tools, articulated tools change their shape dynamically, creating unique challenges for dexterous robotic hands. In…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Wei Xu , Yanchao Zhao , Weichao Guo , Xinjun Sheng

Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) proposes to solve difficult tasks by performing decision-making and control at successively higher levels of temporal abstraction. However, off-policy HRL often suffers from the problem of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Vivienne Huiling Wang , Joni Pajarinen , Tinghuai Wang , Joni-Kristian Kämäräinen

Legged robots have enormous potential in their range of capabilities, from navigating unstructured terrains to high-speed running. However, designing robust controllers for highly agile dynamic motions remains a substantial challenge for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Laura Smith , J. Chase Kew , Tianyu Li , Linda Luu , Xue Bin Peng , Sehoon Ha , Jie Tan , Sergey Levine

Recently reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising approach for quadrupedal locomotion, which can save the manual effort in conventional approaches such as designing skill-specific controllers. However, due to the complex…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Haojie Shi , Bo Zhou , Hongsheng Zeng , Fan Wang , Yueqiang Dong , Jiangyong Li , Kang Wang , Hao Tian , Max Q. -H. Meng

Reinforcement learning (RL)-based motion imitation methods trained on demonstration data can effectively learn natural and expressive motions with minimal reward engineering but often struggle to generalize to novel environments. We address…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Zewei Zhang , Chenhao Li , Takahiro Miki , Marco Hutter

Hierarchical model-based reinforcement learning (HMBRL) aims to combine the benefits of better sample efficiency of model based reinforcement learning (MBRL) with the abstraction capability of hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Robin Schiewer , Anand Subramoney , Laurenz Wiskott

The ability to recover from an unexpected external perturbation is a fundamental motor skill in bipedal locomotion. An effective response includes the ability to not just recover balance and maintain stability but also to fall in a safe…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Visak Kumar

In goal-conditioned hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL), a high-level policy specifies a subgoal for the low-level policy to reach. Effective HRL hinges on a suitable subgoal represen tation function, abstracting state space into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Vivienne Huiling Wang , Tinghuai Wang , Wenyan Yang , Joni-Kristian Kämäräinen , Joni Pajarinen

In modern biomedical and econometric studies, longitudinal processes are often characterized by complex time-varying associations and abrupt regime shifts that are shared across correlated outcomes. Standard functional data analysis (FDA)…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-28 Baolin Chen , Mengfei Ran

A major challenge for deep reinforcement learning (DRL) agents is to collaborate with novel partners that were not encountered by them during the training phase. This is specifically worsened by an increased variance in action responses…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Yi Loo , Chen Gong , Malika Meghjani

Reinforcement learning (RL), a common tool in decision making, learns control policies from various experiences based on the associated cumulative return/rewards without treating them differently. Humans, on the contrary, often learn to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Mingkang Wu , Devin White , Vernon Lawhern , Nicholas R. Waytowich , Yongcan Cao

The options framework in Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning breaks down overall goals into a combination of options or simpler tasks and associated policies, allowing for abstraction in the action space. Ideally, these options can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Kushal Chauhan , Soumya Chatterjee , Akash Reddy , Balaraman Ravindran , Pradeep Shenoy

Transformers have demonstrated exceptional in-context learning (ICL) capabilities, enabling applications across natural language processing, computer vision, and sequential decision-making. In reinforcement learning, ICL reframes learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Oliver Dippel , Alexei Lisitsa , Bei Peng

Reinforcement Learning (RL) struggles in problems with delayed rewards, and one approach is to segment the task into sub-tasks with incremental rewards. We propose a framework called Hierarchical Inverse Reinforcement Learning (HIRL), which…

Robotics · Computer Science 2016-04-25 Sanjay Krishnan , Animesh Garg , Richard Liaw , Lauren Miller , Florian T. Pokorny , Ken Goldberg

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) promises to solve long-horizon Reinforcement Learning (RL) tasks more efficiently than non-hierarchical counterparts by discovering and reusing temporally-extended skills. However, obtaining skills…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Sarthak Dayal , Abhinav Peri , Carl Qi , Claas Voelcker , Alexander Levine , Caleb Chuck , Amy Zhang

In reinforcement learning, pre-trained low-level skills have the potential to greatly facilitate exploration. However, prior knowledge of the downstream task is required to strike the right balance between generality (fine-grained control)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Jonas Gehring , Gabriel Synnaeve , Andreas Krause , Nicolas Usunier

Developing an automated driving system capable of navigating complex traffic environments remains a formidable challenge. Unlike rule-based or supervised learning-based methods, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) based controllers eliminate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Zhihao Zhang , Ekim Yurtsever , Keith A. Redmill

In this paper, we propose a navigation algorithm oriented to multi-agent environment. This algorithm is expressed as a hierarchical framework that contains a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) structure. For…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Wenhao Ding , Shuaijun Li , Huihuan Qian

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has emerged as an innovative solution for controlling legged robots in challenging environments using minimalist architectures. Traditional control methods for legged robots, such as inverse dynamics,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Mincheol Kim , Nahyun Kwon , Jung-Yup Kim