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The AI datacenters are currently being deployed on a large scale to support the training and deployment of power-intensive large-language models (LLMs). Extensive amount of computation and cooling required in datacenters increase concerns…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-14 Nardos Belay Abera , Yize Chen

This study presents a benchmarking analysis of the Qualcomm Cloud AI 100 Ultra (QAic) accelerator for large language model (LLM) inference, evaluating its energy efficiency (throughput per watt), performance, and hardware scalability…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Mohammad Firas Sada , John J. Graham , Elham E Khoda , Mahidhar Tatineni , Dmitry Mishin , Rajesh K. Gupta , Rick Wagner , Larry Smarr , Thomas A. DeFanti , Frank Würthwein

Liquid cooling is critical for thermal management in high-density data centers with the rising AI workloads. However, machine learning-based controllers are essential to unlock greater energy efficiency and reliability, promoting…

The rapid scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) has pushed training workloads far beyond the limits of single-node analysis, demanding a deeper understanding of how these models behave across large-scale, multi-GPU systems. In this paper,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Seokjin Go , Joongun Park , Spandan More , Hanjiang Wu , Irene Wang , Aaron Jezghani , Tushar Krishna , Divya Mahajan

Rapid growth in artificial intelligence (AI) workloads is driving up data center power densities, increasing the need for advanced thermal management. Direct-to-chip liquid cooling can remove heat efficiently at the source, but many cold…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-14 Zheng Liu

The environmental impact of Large Language Models (LLMs) on data centers hosting these models is becoming a significant concern. While many efforts have focused on reducing the substantial training overhead of LLMs, carbon and water…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Arash Khalatbarisoltani , Amin Mahmoudi , Jie Han , Muhammad Saeed , Wenxue Liu , Jinwen Li , Solmaz Kahourzade , Amirmehdi Yazdani , Xiaosong Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in production, contributing towards shifting the burden in terms of computational resources and energy demands from training to inference. While prior work has examined the energy cost…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Julien Delavande , Regis Pierrard , Sasha Luccioni

Although 3D IC technology can provide very high integration density, they suffer from having hotspots that may reach thousands of degrees. To manage this heat, it is necessary to study the dynamics of cooling and thermal behavior of the…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-11-04 Sakib Islam , Ibrahim Abdel-Motaleb

GPU systems are increasingly powering modern datacenters at scale. Despite being highly performant, GPU systems can exhibit performance variation at the node and cluster levels. Such performance variation can significantly impact both…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Marco Kurzynski , Shaizeen Aga , Di Wu

Large-language models (LLMs) are rapidly being applied to radiology, enabling automated image interpretation and report generation tasks. Their deployment in clinical practice requires both high diagnostic accuracy and low inference…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-11 Jyun-Ping Kao

Power electronics systems, widely used in various applications such as industrial automation, electric cars, and renewable energy, have the primary function of converting and controlling electrical power to the desired type of load. Despite…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-06 Hooman Taghavi , Ahmad El Shafei , Adel Nasiri

Molecular dynamics facilitates the simulation of a complex system to be analyzed at molecular and atomic levels. Simulations can last a long period of time, even months. Due to this cause the graphics processing units (GPUs) and multi-core…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-02-02 Iuliana Marin , Nicolae Goga , Maria Goga

As research and deployment of AI grows, the computational burden to support and sustain its progress inevitably does too. To train or fine-tune state-of-the-art models in NLP, computer vision, etc., some form of AI hardware acceleration is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Dan Zhao , Siddharth Samsi , Joseph McDonald , Baolin Li , David Bestor , Michael Jones , Devesh Tiwari , Vijay Gadepally

Data centers handle impressive high figures in terms of energy consumption, and the growing popularity of Cloud applications is intensifying their computational demand. Moreover, the cooling needed to keep the servers within reliable…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Patricia Arroba , José L. Risco-Martín , José M. Moya , José L. Ayala

This paper introduces Helix, a distributed system for high-throughput, low-latency large language model (LLM) serving in heterogeneous GPU clusters. The key idea behind Helix is to formulate inference computation of LLMs over heterogeneous…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Yixuan Mei , Yonghao Zhuang , Xupeng Miao , Juncheng Yang , Zhihao Jia , Rashmi Vinayak

The continuous increase in computational power of GPUs, essential for advancements in areas like artificial intelligence and data processing, is driving the adoption of liquid cooling in data centers. Skived copper cold plates featuring…

Estimates of energy usage in layers of computing from devices to algorithms have been determined and analyzed. Building on the previous analysis [3], energy needed from single devices and systems including three large-scale computing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Sadasivan Shankar

Data Centers are huge power consumers, both because of the energy required for computation and the cooling needed to keep servers below thermal redlining. The most common technique to minimize cooling costs is increasing data room…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Marina Zapater , José L. Risco-Martín , Patricia Arroba , José L. Ayala , José M. Moya , Román Hermida

Performance modeling, a pivotal domain in program cost analysis, currently relies on manually crafted models constrained by various program and hardware limitations, especially in the intricate landscape of GPGPU. Meanwhile, Large Language…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Khoi N. M. Nguyen , Hoang Duy Nguyen Do , Huyen Thao Le , Thanh Tuan Dao

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate increasing capabilities in creative text generation, yet systematic evaluations of their humor production remain underexplored. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of 13 state-of-the-art…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Evgenii Evstafev
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