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Multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) develop cross-lingual abilities despite being trained on limited parallel data. However, they often struggle to generate responses in the intended language, favoring high-resource languages such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Elnaz Rahmati , Alireza S. Ziabari , Morteza Dehghani

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in business-critical domains such as finance, education, healthcare, and customer support, where users expect consistent and reliable recommendations. Yet LLMs often exhibit variability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Sonal Prabhune , Balaji Padmanabhan , Kaushik Dutta

Large Language Models (LLMs) have succeeded considerably in In-Context-Learning (ICL) based summarization. However, saliency is subject to the users' specific preference histories. Hence, we need reliable In-Context Personalization Learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Divya Patel , Pathik Patel , Ankush Chander , Sourish Dasgupta , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Current vision-language models (VLMs) show exceptional abilities across diverse tasks, such as visual question answering. To enhance user experience, recent studies investigate VLM personalization to understand user-provided concepts.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Ruichuan An , Sihan Yang , Ming Lu , Renrui Zhang , Kai Zeng , Yulin Luo , Jiajun Cao , Hao Liang , Ying Chen , Qi She , Shanghang Zhang , Wentao Zhang

Frequently updating Large Language Model (LLM)-based recommender systems to adapt to new user interests -- as done for traditional ones -- is impractical due to high training costs, even with acceleration methods. This work explores…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Keqin Bao , Ming Yan , Yang Zhang , Jizhi Zhang , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values is a central challenge for ensuring trustworthy and safe deployment. While existing methods such as Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and its variants have improved…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yuanhong Wu , Djallel Bouneffouf , D. Frank Hsu

As large language models (LLMs) are rapidly advancing and achieving near-human capabilities on specific tasks, aligning them with human values is becoming more urgent. In scenarios where LLMs outperform humans, we face a weak-to-strong…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yougang Lyu , Lingyong Yan , Zihan Wang , Dawei Yin , Pengjie Ren , Maarten de Rijke , Zhaochun Ren

Prompting and in-context learning (ICL) have become efficient learning paradigms for large language models (LLMs). However, LLMs suffer from prompt brittleness and various bias factors in the prompt, including but not limited to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Han Zhou , Xingchen Wan , Lev Proleev , Diana Mincu , Jilin Chen , Katherine Heller , Subhrajit Roy

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities in handling natural language tasks; however, they may struggle to consistently follow complex instructions including those involve multiple constraints. Post-training LLMs using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yuheng Lu , ZiMeng Bai , Caixia Yuan , Huixing Jiang , Xiaojie Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great performance in few-shot In-Context Learning (ICL) for a variety of generative and discriminative chemical design tasks. The newly expanded context windows of LLMs can further improve ICL…

The rapid growth of Large Language Models (LLMs) usage has highlighted the importance of gradient-free in-context learning (ICL). However, interpreting their inner workings remains challenging. This paper introduces a novel multimodal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Yosuke Miyanishi , Minh Le Nguyen

Recent advances in Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), such as LLaVA-series models, are driven by massive machine-generated instruction-following data tuning. Such automatic instruction collection pipelines, however, inadvertently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Hongzhe Huang , Jiang Liu , Zhewen Yu , Li Cai , Dian Jiao , Wenqiao Zhang , Siliang Tang , Juncheng Li , Hao Jiang , Haoyuan Li , Yueting Zhuang

In-context Learning (ICL) is the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform new tasks when conditioned on prompts comprising a few task examples. However, ICL performance can be critically sensitive to the choice of examples. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Shivanshu Gupta , Clemens Rosenbaum , Ethan R. Elenberg

Alignment tuning is crucial for ensuring large language models (LLMs) behave ethically and helpfully. Current alignment approaches require high-quality annotations and significant training resources. This paper proposes a low-cost,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Yuncheng Hua , Lizhen Qu , Zhuang Li , Hao Xue , Flora D. Salim , Gholamreza Haffari

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with diverse and multifaceted user preferences is a fundamental challenge in personalized AI systems. Existing multi-objective alignment methods either rely on costly training or require pre-trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Linhao Luo , Thuy-Trang Vu , Van-Anh Nguyen , Junae Kim , Gholamreza Haffari , Dinh Phung

Modern large language models (LLMs) are capable of interpreting input strings as instructions, or prompts, and carry out tasks based on them. Unlike traditional learners, LLMs cannot use back-propagation to obtain feedback, and condition…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Adrian de Wynter , Xun Wang , Qilong Gu , Si-Qing Chen

Alignment with human preference prevents large language models (LLMs) from generating misleading or toxic content while requiring high-cost human feedback. Assuming resources of human annotation are limited, there are two different ways of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Feifan Song , Bowen Yu , Hao Lang , Haiyang Yu , Fei Huang , Houfeng Wang , Yongbin Li

Large pretrained language models (LLMs) can be rapidly adapted to a wide variety of tasks via a text-to-text approach, where the instruction and input are fed to the model in natural language. Combined with in-context learning (ICL), this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Marc-Etienne Brunet , Ashton Anderson , Richard Zemel

Foundational large language models (LLMs) can be instruction-tuned to perform open-domain question answering, facilitating applications like chat assistants. While such efforts are often carried out in a single language, we empirically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Pinzhen Chen , Shaoxiong Ji , Nikolay Bogoychev , Andrey Kutuzov , Barry Haddow , Kenneth Heafield

We propose In-Context Clustering (ICC), a flexible LLM-based procedure for clustering data from diverse distributions. Unlike traditional clustering algorithms constrained by predefined similarity measures, ICC flexibly captures complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Ying Wang , Mengye Ren , Andrew Gordon Wilson