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Machine learning on tiny IoT devices based on microcontroller units (MCU) is appealing but challenging: the memory of microcontrollers is 2-3 orders of magnitude smaller even than mobile phones. We propose MCUNet, a framework that jointly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Ji Lin , Wei-Ming Chen , Yujun Lin , John Cohn , Chuang Gan , Song Han

Efficient inference of LLMs remains a crucial challenge, with two main phases: a compute-intensive prompt computation and a memory-intensive token generation. Despite existing batching and scheduling techniques, token generation phases fail…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Asad Aali , Adney Cardoza , Melissa Capo

To process sensor data in the Internet of Things(IoTs), embedded deep learning for 1-dimensional data is an important technique. In the past, CNNs were frequently used because they are simple to optimise for special embedded hardware such…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Chao Qian , Tianheng Ling , Gregor Schiele

TinyML is a novel area of machine learning that gained huge momentum in the last few years thanks to the ability to execute machine learning algorithms on tiny devices (such as Internet-of-Things or embedded systems). Interestingly,…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Massimo Pavan , Gioele Mombelli , Francesco Sinacori , Manuel Roveri

The traditional framework of federated learning (FL) requires each client to re-train their models in every iteration, making it infeasible for resource-constrained mobile devices to train deep-learning (DL) models. Split learning (SL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Manas Wadhwa , Gagan Raj Gupta , Ashutosh Sahu , Rahul Saini , Vidhi Mittal

Super-resolution (SR) is a coveted image processing technique for mobile apps ranging from the basic camera apps to mobile health. Existing SR algorithms rely on deep learning models with significant memory requirements, so they have yet to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Xin Liu , Yuang Li , Josh Fromm , Yuntao Wang , Ziheng Jiang , Alex Mariakakis , Shwetak Patel

With the increasing demand for deep learning models on mobile devices, splitting neural network computation between the device and a more powerful edge server has become an attractive solution. However, existing split computing approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Yoshitomo Matsubara , Ruihan Yang , Marco Levorato , Stephan Mandt

To enable the pre-trained models to be fine-tuned with local data on edge devices without sharing data with the cloud, we design an efficient split fine-tuning (SFT) framework for edge and cloud collaborative learning. We propose three…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Shaohuai Shi , Qing Yang , Yang Xiang , Shuhan Qi , Xuan Wang

In this paper, we propose an edge-assisted split federated learning framework to facilitate large language model (LLM) fine-tuning on heterogeneous mobile devices while alleviating memory pressures on both mobile devices and the edge…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Xiaopei Chen , Liang Li , Fei Ji , Wen Wu

Tiny Machine Learning enables real-time, energy-efficient data processing directly on microcontrollers, making it ideal for Internet of Things sensor networks. This paper presents a compact TinyML pipeline for detecting anomalies in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Amar Almaini , Jakob Folz , Ghadeer Ashour

A new algorithm for incremental learning in the context of Tiny Machine learning (TinyML) is presented, which is optimized for low-performance and energy efficient embedded devices. TinyML is an emerging field that deploys machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Marcus Rüb , Philipp Tuchel , Axel Sikora , Daniel Mueller-Gritschneder

Continual learning (CL) is a new online learning technique over sequentially generated streaming data from different tasks, aiming to maintain a small forgetting loss on previously-learned tasks. Existing work focuses on reducing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Shugang Hao , Lingjie Duan

Split federated learning (SFL) is a compute-efficient paradigm in distributed machine learning (ML), where components of large ML models are outsourced to remote servers. A significant challenge in SFL, particularly when deployed over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Aladin Djuhera , Vlad C. Andrei , Xinyang Li , Ullrich J. Mönich , Holger Boche , Walid Saad

In the last few years, research and development on Deep Learning models and techniques for ultra-low-power devices in a word, TinyML has mainly focused on a train-then-deploy assumption, with static models that cannot be adapted to newly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Leonardo Ravaglia , Manuele Rusci , Davide Nadalini , Alessandro Capotondi , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini

On demand sensing is emerging as a key paradigm in Internet of Things (IoT) systems, where devices remain in low power states and transmit data only upon event triggers. Such an operation requires wireless communication schemes that provide…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Ziyao Zhou , Chen Shen , Sicong Shen , Hen-Wei Huang

We investigate task-success-oriented resource allocation for federated split learning (FSL) at the wireless edge. In this setting, the server must jointly determine bandwidth, transmit power, split-layer placement, compression level, and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Zihao Ding , Beining Wu , Jun Huang , Shiwen Mao

Modern mobile devices, although resourceful, cannot train state-of-the-art machine learning models without the assistance of servers, which require access to, potentially, privacy-sensitive user data. Split learning has recently emerged as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Kamalesh Palanisamy , Vivek Khimani , Moin Hussain Moti , Dimitris Chatzopoulos

Deploying large Transformer-based vision models on resource-limited mobile devices at network edge is severely constrained by hardware limitations and dynamic wireless environments. While federated learning (FL) enables collaborative…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Xianke Qiang , Zheng Chang , Geyong Min

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) presents new challenges for existing network architectures due to significant peak traffic and high communication uncertainty. Traditional wireless networks struggle to support efficiently,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Boyi Liu , Jingwen Tong , Jun Zhang

Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) is a branch of Machine Learning (ML) that constitutes a bridge between the ML world and the embedded system ecosystem (i.e., Internet of Things devices, embedded devices, and edge computing units), enabling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Hazem Hesham Yousef Shalby , Massimo Pavan , Manuel Roveri