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Split Learning (SL) is a promising Distributed Learning approach in electromyography (EMG) based prosthetic control, due to its applicability within resource-constrained environments. Other learning approaches, such as Deep Learning and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Matea Marinova , Daniel Denkovski , Hristijan Gjoreski , Zoran Hadzi-Velkov , Valentin Rakovic

Split learning (SL) has been recently proposed as a way to enable resource-constrained devices to train multi-parameter neural networks (NNs) and participate in federated learning (FL). In a nutshell, SL splits the NN model into parts, and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Joana Tirana , Dimitra Tsigkari , George Iosifidis , Dimitris Chatzopoulos

To support large-scale model training, split learning (SL) enables multiple edge devices/servers to share the intensive training workload. However, most existing works on SL focus solely on two-tier model splitting. Moreover, while some…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Wei Wei , Zheng Lin , Tao Li , Xuanheng Li , Xianhao Chen

Large models (LMs) have immense potential in Internet of Things (IoT) systems, enabling applications such as intelligent voice assistants, predictive maintenance, and healthcare monitoring. However, training LMs on edge servers raises data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Zuguang Li , Wen Wu , Shaohua Wu , Qiaohua Lin , Yaping Sun , Hui Wang

Fine-tuning a large language model (LLM) using the local data of edge users can enable personalized services and applications. For privacy protection, the prevalent solution adopts distributed learning for fine-tuning and integrates…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Songge Zhang , Guoliang Cheng , Zuguang Li , Wen Wu

Smart farming systems encounter significant challenges, including limited resources, the need for data privacy, and poor connectivity in rural areas. To address these issues, we present eEnergy-Split, an energy-efficient framework that…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Keiwan Soltani , Vishesh Kumar Tanwar , Ashish Gupta , Sajal K. Das

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on private, on-device data can empower tailored personalized AI agents. However, fine-tuning LLMs on resource-constrained edge devices faces significant challenges, including excessive computation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Jian Ma , Xinchen Lyu , Jun Jiang , Qimei Cui , Haipeng Yao , Xiaofeng Tao

This paper investigates a novel computation and communication co-design framework for large-scale split learning in intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted internet of things (IoT) networks integrated with digital twin (DT) technique.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-31 Jiaying Di , Kunlun Wang , Jing Xu , Wen Chen , Dusit Niyato

To alleviate the shortage of computing power faced by clients in training deep neural networks (DNNs) using federated learning (FL), we leverage the edge computing and split learning to propose a model-splitting allowed FL (SFL) framework,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Yao Wen , Guopeng Zhang , Kezhi Wang , Kun Yang

Split-learning (SL) has recently gained popularity due to its inherent privacy-preserving capabilities and ability to enable collaborative inference for devices with limited computational power. Standard SL algorithms assume an ideal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Mounssif Krouka , Anis Elgabli , Chaouki ben Issaid , Mehdi Bennis

Natural Language Processing (NLP) operations, such as semantic sentiment analysis and text synthesis, often raise privacy concerns and demand significant on-device computational resources. Centralized learning (CL) on the edge provides an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Ahmed Y. Radwan , Mohammad Shehab , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Federated fine-tuning of on-device large language models (LLMs) mitigates privacy concerns by preventing raw data sharing. However, the intensive computational and memory demands pose significant challenges for resource-constrained edge…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Tao Li , Yulin Tang , Yiyang Song , Cong Wu , Xihui Liu , Pan Li , Xianhao Chen

With the prevalence of Large Learning Models (LLM), Split Federated Learning (SFL), which divides a learning model into server-side and client-side models, has emerged as an appealing technology to deal with the heavy computational burden…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Yipeng Liang , Qimei Chen , Guangxu Zhu , Muhammad Kaleem Awan , Hao Jiang

Split learning (SL) is a distributed learning paradigm that can enable computation-intensive artificial intelligence (AI) applications by partitioning AI models between mobile devices and edge servers. %fully utilizing distributed computing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Zuguang Li , Wen Wu , Shaohua Wu , Xuemin , Shen

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a distributed machine learning (ML) technique that can protect local data privacy for participating clients and improve system efficiency. Instead of sharing raw data, FL exchanges intermediate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Xiang Ma , Haijian Sun , Rose Qingyang Hu , Yi Qian

The rapid proliferation of computing domains relying on Internet of Things (IoT) devices has created a pressing need for efficient and accurate deep-learning (DL) models that can run on low-power devices. However, traditional DL models tend…

Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) has become a growing field in on-device processing for Internet of Things (IoT) applications, capitalizing on AI algorithms that are optimized for their low complexity and energy efficiency. These algorithms…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Asmer Hamid Ali , Mozhgan Navardi , Tinoosh Mohsenin

This paper proposes a neural architecture search (NAS) method for split computing. Split computing is an emerging machine-learning inference technique that addresses the privacy and latency challenges of deploying deep learning in IoT…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Shoma Shimizu , Takayuki Nishio , Shota Saito , Yoichi Hirose , Chen Yen-Hsiu , Shinichi Shirakawa

Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) is a novel research field aiming at integrating Machine Learning (ML) within embedded devices with limited memory, computation, and energy. Recently, a new branch of TinyML has emerged, focusing on integrating…

Split Computing (SC), where a Deep Neural Network (DNN) is intelligently split with a part of it deployed on an edge device and the rest on a remote server is emerging as a promising approach. It allows the power of DNNs to be leveraged for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Luigi Capogrosso , Enrico Fraccaroli , Samarjit Chakraborty , Franco Fummi , Marco Cristani