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Quantum tomography is crucial for characterizing the quantum states of multipartite systems, but its practicality is often limited by the exponentially large dimension of the Hilbert space. Most existing approaches, such as compressed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-04 Yat Wong , Ming Yuan , Kevin He , Srivatsan Chakram , Alireza Seif , David I. Schuster , Liang Jiang

We describe algorithms to obtain an approximate classical description of a $d$-dimensional quantum state when given access to a unitary (and its inverse) that prepares it. For pure states we characterize the query complexity for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-19 Joran van Apeldoorn , Arjan Cornelissen , András Gilyén , Giacomo Nannicini

Starting from a new principle inspired by quantum tomography rather than from Born's rule, this paper gives a self-contained deductive approach to quantum mechanics and quantum measurement. A suggestive notion for what constitutes a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-22 Arnold Neumaier

The impressive pace of advance of quantum technology calls for robust and scalable techniques for the characterization and validation of quantum hardware. Quantum process tomography, the reconstruction of an unknown quantum channel from…

Continuous-variable quantum systems are foundational to quantum computation, communication, and sensing. While traditional representations using wave functions or density matrices are often impractical, the tomographic picture of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Liubov A. Markovich , Xiaoyu Liu , Jordi Tura

In this work we have explored few tools in Quantum State Tomography for Continuous Variable Systems. The concept of quantum states in phase space representation is introduced in a simple manner by using a few statistical concepts. Unlike…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-12 Ludmila Botelho

Quantum state tomography (QST) is an essential tool for characterizing an unknown quantum state. Recently, QST has been performed for entangled qudits based on orbital angular momentum, time-energy uncertainty, and frequency bins. Here, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-14 Takuya Ikuta , Hiroki Takesue

The density matrix of a two-level system (spin, atom) is usually determined by measuring the three non-commuting components of the Pauli vector. This density matrix can also be obtained via the measurement data of two commuting variables,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-25 B. Mehmani , A. E. Allahverdyan , Th. M. Nieuwenhuizen

Characterization of quantum states and devices is paramount to quantum science and technology. The characterization consists of individual measurements, which must be precisely known. A mismatch between actual and assumed constituent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Robert Stárek , Martin Bielak , Miroslav Ježek

The reconstruction of quantum states from experimental measurements, often achieved using quantum state tomography (QST), is crucial for the verification and benchmarking of quantum devices. However, performing QST for a generic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-07 Zhen Qin , Casey Jameson , Zhexuan Gong , Michael B. Wakin , Zhihui Zhu

Quantum state tomography via local measurements is an efficient tool for characterizing quantum states. However it requires that the original global state be uniquely determined (UD) by its local reduced density matrices (RDMs). In this…

We propose a quantum tomography scheme for pure qudit systems which adopts random base measurements and generative learning methods, along with a built-in fidelity estimation approach to assess the reliability of the tomographic states. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-25 Jun Wang , Zhao-Yu Han , Song-Bo Wang , Zeyang Li , Liang-Zhu Mu , Heng Fan , Lei Wang

We introduce and experimentally demonstrate a technique for performing quantum state tomography on multiple-qubit states despite incomplete knowledge about the unitary operations used to change the measurement basis. Given unitary…

Multi-photon system has been studied by many groups, however the biggest challenge faced is the number of copies of an unknown state are limited and far from detecting quantum entanglement. The difficulty to prepare copies of the state is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-13 Yiping Lu , Qing Zhao

Quantum state tomography (QST), the process through which the density matrix of a quantum system is characterized from measurements of specific observables, is a fundamental pillar in the fields of quantum information and computation. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-30 J. L. Montenegro Ferreira , B. de Lima Bernardo

Quantum-enhanced metrology can be achieved by entangling a probe with an auxiliary system, passing the probe through an interferometer, and subsequently making measurements on both the probe and auxiliary system. Conceptually, this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-22 Simon A. Haine , Stuart S. Szigeti

In this paper we describe in detail and generalize a method for quantum process tomography that was presented in [A. Bendersky, F. Pastawski, J. P. Paz, Physical Review Letters 100, 190403 (2008)]. The method enables the efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Ariel Bendersky , Fernando Pastawski , Juan Pablo Paz

Characterizing quantum systems is a fundamental task that enables the development of quantum technologies. Various approaches, ranging from full tomography to instances of classical shadows, have been proposed to this end. However, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-16 Franz J. Schreiber , Jens Eisert , Johannes Jakob Meyer

High-dimensional quantum information processing has become a mature field of research with several different approaches being adopted for the encoding of $D$-dimensional quantum systems. Such progress has fueled the search of reliable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-30 D. Martínez , M. A. Solís-Prosser , G. Cañas , O. Jiménez , A. Delgado , G. Lima

Adaptive tomography has been widely investigated to achieve faster state tomography processing of quantum systems. Infidelity of the nearly pure states in a quantum information process generally scales as O(1/sqrt(N) ), which requires a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-09 Hyeok Hwang , JaeKyung Choi , Eunseong Kim