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Performing causal inference in observational studies requires we assume confounding variables are correctly adjusted for. G-computation methods are often used in these scenarios, with several recent proposals using Bayesian versions of…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-25 Daniel Daly-Grafstein , Paul Gustafson

The brain effortlessly solves blind source separation (BSS) problems, but the algorithm it uses remains elusive. In signal processing, linear BSS problems are often solved by Independent Component Analysis (ICA). To serve as a model of a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Yanis Bahroun , Dmitri B Chklovskii , Anirvan M Sengupta

Latent component identification from unknown nonlinear mixtures is a foundational challenge in machine learning, with applications in tasks such as disentangled representation learning and causal inference. Prior work in nonlinear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Hoang-Son Nguyen , Xiao Fu

Recently, nonlinear ICA has surfaced as a popular alternative to the many heuristic models used in deep representation learning and disentanglement. An advantage of nonlinear ICA is that a sophisticated identifiability theory has been…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-29 Hermanni Hälvä , Jonathan So , Richard E. Turner , Aapo Hyvärinen

Identifying the causal relations between interested variables plays a pivotal role in representation learning as it provides deep insights into the dataset. Identifiability, as the central theme of this approach, normally hinges on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Boyang Sun , Ignavier Ng , Guangyi Chen , Yifan Shen , Qirong Ho , Kun Zhang

We consider the problem of inferring causal relationships between two or more passively observed variables. While the problem of such causal discovery has been extensively studied especially in the bivariate setting, the majority of current…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-04-22 Ricardo Pio Monti , Kun Zhang , Aapo Hyvarinen

Independent component analysis (ICA), as a data driven method, has shown to be a powerful tool for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data analysis. One drawback of this multivariate approach is, that it is not compatible to the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-03-25 Simon Wein , Ana Maria Tomé , Markus Goldhacker , Mark W. Greenlee , Elmar W. Lang

In recent years, Independent Component Analysis (ICA) has successfully been applied to remove noise and artifacts in images obtained from Three-dimensional Polarized Light Imaging (3D-PLI) at the mesoscale (i.e., 64 $\mu$m). Here, we…

Medical Physics · Physics 2020-12-01 Kai Benning , Miriam Menzel , Jan Reuter , Markus Axer

When studying treatment effects in multilevel studies, investigators commonly use (semi-)parametric estimators, which make strong parametric assumptions about the outcome, the treatment, and/or the correlation structure between study units…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-12 Chan Park , Hyunseung Kang

One aim of representation learning is to recover the original latent code that generated the data, a task which requires additional information or inductive biases. A recently proposed approach termed Independent Mechanism Analysis (IMA)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-14 Joanna Sliwa , Shubhangi Ghosh , Vincent Stimper , Luigi Gresele , Bernhard Schölkopf

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is commonly-used in electroencephalogram (EEG) signal processing to remove non-cerebral artifacts from cerebral data. Despite the ubiquity of ICA, the effect of measurement uncertainty on the artifact…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-07 Jennie Couchman , Orestis Kaparounakis , Chatura Samarakoon , Phillip Stanley-Marbell

Independent component analysis (ICA) has become a popular multivariate analysis and signal processing technique with diverse applications. This paper is targeted at discussing theoretical large sample properties of ICA unmixing matrix…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-12-18 Pauliina Ilmonen , Klaus Nordhausen , Hannu Oja , Esa Ollila

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is an effective unsupervised tool to learn statistically independent representation. However, ICA is not only sensitive to whitening but also difficult to learn an over-complete basis. Consequently, ICA…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-04-10 Yanhui Xiao , Zhenfeng Zhu , Yao Zhao

Independent component analysis (ICA) has been used in many applications, including self-interference cancellation for in-band full-duplex wireless systems and anomaly detection in industrial internet of things. This paper presents a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-03 Hsi-Hung Lu , Chung-An Shen , Mohammed E. Fouda , Ahmed M. Eltawil

Independent component analysis provides a principled framework for unsupervised representation learning, with solid theory on the identifiability of the latent code that generated the data, given only observations of mixtures thereof.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-10 Luigi Gresele , Julius von Kügelgen , Vincent Stimper , Bernhard Schölkopf , Michel Besserve

We study the problem of learning disentangled signals from data using non-linear Independent Component Analysis (ICA). Motivated by advances in self-supervised learning, we propose to learn self-sufficient signals: A recovered signal should…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-02 Song Liu

Many treatment variables used in empirical applications nest multiple unobserved versions of a treatment. I show that instrumental variable (IV) estimands for the effect of a composite treatment are IV-specific weighted averages of effects…

General Economics · Economics 2022-11-24 Clint Harris

We deal with a model where a set of observations is obtained by a linear superposition of unknown components called sources. The problem consists in recovering the sources without knowing the linear transform. We extend the well-known…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-14 Marc Castella

The Independent Component Analysis (ICA) algorithm is implemented as a neural network for separating signals of different origin in astrophysical sky maps. Due to its self-organizing capability, it works without prior assumptions on the…

We propose an extension of non-parametric multivariate finite mixture models by dropping the standard conditional independence assumption and incorporating the independent component analysis (ICA) structure instead. We formulate an…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-09-11 Xiaotian Zhu , David R. Hunter