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Replication studies are increasingly conducted but there is no established statistical criterion for replication success. We propose a novel approach combining reverse-Bayes analysis with Bayesian hypothesis testing: a sceptical prior is…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-15 Samuel Pawel , Leonhard Held

Significance testing based on p-values has been implicated in the reproducibility crisis in scientific research, with one of the proposals being to eliminate them in favor of Bayesian analyses. Defenders of the p-values have countered that…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-02 Christos Argyropoulos , Andy P Grieve

Many statistical models can be simulated forwards but have intractable likelihoods. Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) methods are used to infer properties of these models from data. Traditionally these methods approximate the posterior…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-04-03 George Papamakarios , Iain Murray

Let $X_1,\ldots,X_n$ be a random sample from an unknown probability distribution $P$ on the sample space ${\cal X}$, and let $\theta=\theta(P)$ be a parameter of interest. The present paper proposes a nonparametric `Bayesian bootstrap'…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-13 Nils Lid Hjort

Performing Bayesian inference for the Epidemic-Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model of earthquakes typically requires MCMC sampling using the likelihood function or estimating the latent branching structure. These tasks have computational…

Applications · Statistics 2024-05-29 Samuel Stockman , Daniel J. Lawson , Maximilian J. Werner

After rejecting the null hypothesis in the analysis of variance, the next step is to make the pairwise comparisons to find out differences in means. The purpose of this paper is threefold. The foremost aim is to suggest expression for…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-22 Elsayed A. H. Elamir

When mapping subnational health and demographic indicators, direct weighted estimators of small area means based on household survey data can be unreliable when data are limited. If survey microdata are available, unit level models can…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-22 Peter A. Gao , Jon Wakefield

Imputation using external reference panels is a widely used approach for increasing power in GWAS and meta-analysis. Existing HMM-based imputation approaches require individual-level genotypes. Here, we develop a new method for Gaussian…

In large-scale hypothesis testing, computing exact $p$-values or $e$-values is often resource-intensive, creating a need for budget-aware inferential methods. We propose a general framework for active hypothesis testing that leverages…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-09 Qi Kuang , Bowen Gang , Yin Xia

This chapter will appear in the forthcoming Handbook of Approximate Bayesian Computation (2018). The conceptual and methodological framework that underpins approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) is targetted primarily towards problems in…

Computation · Statistics 2018-03-20 Christopher C Drovandi , Clara Grazian , Kerrie Mengersen , Christian Robert

In contrast to its common definition and calculation, interpretation of p-values diverges among statisticians. Since p-value is the basis of various methodologies, this divergence has led to a variety of test methodologies and evaluations…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-12-27 Tomokazu Konishi

In science, the most widespread statistical quantities are perhaps $p$-values. A typical advice is to reject the null hypothesis $H_0$ if the corresponding p-value is sufficiently small (usually smaller than 0.05). Many criticisms regarding…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-11-18 Alexandre G. Patriota

It is now widely accepted that the standard inferential toolkit used by the scientific research community -- null-hypothesis significance testing (NHST) -- is not fit for purpose. Yet despite the threat posed to the scientific enterprise,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-10 Leonhard Held , Robert Matthews , Manuela Ott , Samuel Pawel

In a novel approach to the multiple testing problem, Efron (2004; 2007) formulated estimators of the distribution of test statistics or nominal p-values under a null distribution suitable for modeling the data of thousands of unaffected…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-10-30 David R. Bickel

Many statistical applications involve models for which it is difficult to evaluate the likelihood, but from which it is relatively easy to sample. Approximate Bayesian computation is a likelihood-free method for implementing Bayesian…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-11-29 Wentao Li , Paul Fearnhead

Multivariate meta-analysis of test accuracy studies when tests are evaluated in terms of sensitivity and specificity at more than one threshold represents an effective way to synthesize results by fully exploiting the data, if compared to…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-01-29 Annamaria Guolo , Duc Khanh To

We assume the direct sum <A> o <B> for the signal subspace. As a result of post- measurement, a number of operational contexts presuppose the a priori knowledge of the LB -dimensional "interfering" subspace <B> and the goal is to estimate…

Applications · Statistics 2017-04-17 Guillaume Bouleux , Rémy Boyer

Methods to detect the emergence of infectious diseases, and approach to the "critical transition" RE = 1, have to potential to avert substantial disease burden by facilitating preemptive actions like vaccination campaigns. Early warning…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2025-04-16 Callum R. K. Arnold , Matthew J. Ferrari

Estimation of permutation entropy (PE) using Bayesian statistical methods is presented for systems where the ordinal pattern sampling follows an independent, multinomial distribution. It is demonstrated that the PE posterior distribution is…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2022-02-09 Douglas J. Little , Joshua P. Toomey , Deb M. Kane

We use p-values to identify the threshold level at which a regression function takes off from its baseline value, a problem motivated by applications in toxicological and pharmacological dose-response studies and environmental statistics.…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-06-13 Atul Mallik , Bodhisattva Sen , Moulinath Banerjee , George Michailidis