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Security of information passing through the Internet is threatened by today's most advanced malware ranging from orchestrated botnets to simpler polymorphic worms. These threats, as examples of zero-day attacks, are able to change their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Soroush M. Sohi , Jean-Pierre Seifert , Fatemeh Ganji

The growing number of Internet users and the prevalence of web applications make it necessary to deal with very complex software and applications in the network. This results in an increasing number of new vulnerabilities in the systems,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Mahdi Soltani , Mahdi Jafari Siavoshani , Amir Hossein Jahangir

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various tasks and have been extensively utilized by the public. However, the increasing concerns regarding the misuse of LLMs, such as plagiarism and spamming, have led to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Ning Lu , Shengcai Liu , Rui He , Qi Wang , Yew-Soon Ong , Ke Tang

Prompts are the interface for eliciting the capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Understanding their structure and components is critical for analyzing LLM behavior and optimizing performance. However, the field lacks a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Sullam Jeoung , Yueyan Chen , Yi Zhang , Shuai Wang , Haibo Ding , Lin Lee Cheong

Intent detection, a core component of natural language understanding, has considerably evolved as a crucial mechanism in safeguarding large language models (LLMs). While prior work has applied intent detection to enhance LLMs' moderation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jun Zhuang , Haibo Jin , Ye Zhang , Zhengjian Kang , Wenbin Zhang , Gaby G. Dagher , Haohan Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in natural language tasks, yet understanding their reasoning processes remains a significant challenge. We address this by introducing XplainLLM, a dataset accompanying an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Zichen Chen , Jianda Chen , Ambuj Singh , Misha Sra

Large language models (LLMs) often struggle with complex mathematical tasks, prone to "hallucinating" incorrect answers due to their reliance on statistical patterns. This limitation is further amplified in average Small LangSLMs with…

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into a wide range of applications has highlighted the critical role of well-crafted system prompts, which require extensive testing and domain expertise. These prompts enhance task performance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Zhixiong Zhuang , Maria-Irina Nicolae , Hui-Po Wang , Mario Fritz

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) have been studied in research for almost four decades. Yet, despite thousands of papers claiming scientific advances, a non-negligible number of recent works suggest that the findings of prior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Miel Verkerken , Laurens D'hooge , Bruno Volckaert , Filip De Turck , Giovanni Apruzzese

As the number of cyberattacks and their particualr nature escalate, the need for effective intrusion detection systems (IDS) has become indispensable for ensuring the security of contemporary networks. Adaptive and more sophisticated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Soham Chatterjee , Satvik Chaudhary , Aswani Kumar Cherukuri

Legal dispute analysis is crucial for intelligent legal assistance systems. However, current LLMs face significant challenges in understanding complex legal concepts, maintaining reasoning consistency, and accurately citing legal sources.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Mingda Zhang , Na Zhao , Jianglong Qing , Qing xu , Kaiwen Pan , Ting luo

This study sheds light on the imperative need to bolster safety and privacy measures in large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4 and LLaMA-2, by identifying and mitigating their vulnerabilities through explainable analysis of prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Dong Shu , Mingyu Jin , Tianle Chen , Chong Zhang , Yongfeng Zhang

The last decades have seen a growth in the number of cyber-attacks with severe economic and privacy damages, which reveals the need for network intrusion detection approaches to assist in preventing cyber-attacks and reducing their risks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Hamdi Friji , Alexis Olivereau , Mireille Sarkiss

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, representing the most significant security threat in production deployments. We present Prompt Fencing, a novel architectural approach that applies cryptographic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Steven Peh

The exponential growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has significantly increased the complexity and volume of cybersecurity threats, necessitating the development of advanced, scalable, and interpretable security frameworks. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Sudipto Baral , Sajal Saha , Anwar Haque

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into various applications. The functionalities of recent LLMs can be flexibly modulated via natural language prompts. This renders them susceptible to targeted adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Kai Greshake , Sahar Abdelnabi , Shailesh Mishra , Christoph Endres , Thorsten Holz , Mario Fritz

Network security is a critical concern in the digital landscape of today, with users demanding secure browsing experiences and protection of their personal data. This study explores the dynamic integration of Machine Learning (ML)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Pablo Benlloch , Oscar Romero , Antonio Leon , Jaime Lloret

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in intelligent systems that perform reasoning, summarization, and code generation. Their ability to follow natural-language instructions, while powerful, also makes them vulnerable to a new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Daniyal Ganiuly , Assel Smaiyl

Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to adversarial prompt based injects. These injects could jailbreak or exploit vulnerabilities within these models with explicit prompt requests leading to undesired responses. In the context of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jonathan Pan , Swee Liang Wong , Yidi Yuan , Xin Wei Chia

Prompt injection attacks manipulate large language models (LLMs) by misleading them to deviate from the original input instructions and execute maliciously injected instructions, because of their instruction-following capabilities and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yulin Chen , Haoran Li , Yuan Sui , Yufei He , Yue Liu , Yangqiu Song , Bryan Hooi