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The rapid proliferation of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) systems necessitates advanced, interpretable, and scalable intrusion detection systems (IDS) to combat emerging cyber threats. Traditional IDS face challenges such as high…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Muhammet Anil Yagiz , Polat Goktas

New research focuses on creating artificial intelligence (AI) solutions for network intrusion detection systems (NIDS), drawing its inspiration from the ever-growing number of intrusions on networked systems, increasing its complexity and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Osvaldo Arreche , Mustafa Abdallah

Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) built on artificial intelligence (AI) are presented as latent mechanisms for actively detecting fresh attacks over a complex network. Although review papers are used the systematic review or simple methods…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Ziadoon K. Maseer , Robiah Yusof , Baidaa Al-Bander , Abdu Saif , Qusay Kanaan Kadhim

With significant advancements in Transformers LLMs, NLP has extended its reach into many research fields due to its enhanced capabilities in text generation and user interaction. One field benefiting greatly from these advancements is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Hamza Kheddar

Cybersecurity is a domain where the data distribution is constantly changing with attackers exploring newer patterns to attack cyber infrastructure. Intrusion detection system is one of the important layers in cyber safety in today's world.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Shraddha Mane , Dattaraj Rao

Machine Learning (ML)-based Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) have proven to become a reliable intelligence tool to protect networks against cyberattacks. Network data features has a great impact on the performances of ML-based…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Mohanad Sarhan , Siamak Layeghy , Nour Moustafa , Marius Portmann

The increasing integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into society necessitates robust defenses against vulnerabilities from jailbreaking and adversarial prompts. This project proposes a recursive framework for enhancing the resistance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Bryan Li , Sounak Bagchi , Zizhan Wang

Recent benchmark efforts have advanced the evaluation of large language models (LLMs) in cybersecurity, including tasks such as penetration testing and vulnerability identification. However, a critical cybersecurity task, namely intrusion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Danyu Sun , Jinghuai Zhang , Yuan Tian , Zhou Li

This work presents Reliable-NIDS (R-NIDS), a novel methodology for Machine Learning (ML) based Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) that allows ML models to work on integrated datasets, empowering the learning process with diverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Roberto Magán-Carrión , Daniel Urda , Ignacio Díaz-Cano , Bernabé Dorronsoro

Large language models (LLMs), especially generative pre-trained transformers (GPTs), have recently demonstrated outstanding ability in information comprehension and problem-solving. This has motivated many studies in applying LLMs to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Han Zhang , Akram Bin Sediq , Ali Afana , Melike Erol-Kantarci

The network security analyzers use intrusion detection systems (IDSes) to distinguish malicious traffic from benign ones. The deep learning-based IDSes are proposed to auto-extract high-level features and eliminate the time-consuming and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Mahdi Soltani , Khashayar Khajavi , Mahdi Jafari Siavoshani , Amir Hossein Jahangir

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) are essential for protecting computer networks from malicious activities, including Denial of Service (DoS), Probing, User-to-Root (U2R), and Remote-to-Local (R2L) attacks. Without effective NIDS,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Ayush Kumar Sharma , Sourav Patel , Supriya Bharat Wakchaure , Abirami S

In modern energy systems, industrial control systems (ICS) and power-system SCADA require intrusion detection that is not only accurate but also auditable by operators. The ICS intrusion-detection landscape is currently dominated by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Weiyi Kong , Ahmad Mohammad Saber , Amr Youssef , Deepa Kundur

Large language models (LLMs) can be used to analyze cyber threat intelligence (CTI) data from cybercrime forums, which contain extensive information and key discussions about emerging cyber threats. However, to date, the level of accuracy…

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) detect intrusion attacks in network traffic. In particular, machine-learning-based NIDSs have attracted attention because of their high detection rates of unknown attacks. A distributed processing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Maho Kajiura , Junya Nakamura

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have catalyzed progress in embodied intelligence, a fundamental gap between their inherent probabilistic uncertainty and the strict determinism and verifiable safety required in the physical world. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Tiehan Cui , Peipei Liu , Yanxu Mao , Congying Liu , Mingzhe Xing , Datao You

Machine learning (ML) is crucial in network anomaly detection for proactive threat hunting, reducing detection and response times significantly. However, challenges in model training, maintenance, and frequent false positives impact its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Tarek Ali , Panos Kostakos

This paper investigates the temporal analysis of NetFlow datasets for machine learning (ML)-based network intrusion detection systems (NIDS). Although many previous studies have highlighted the critical role of temporal features, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Majed Luay , Siamak Layeghy , Seyedehfaezeh Hosseininoorbin , Mohanad Sarhan , Nour Moustafa , Marius Portmann

With the growing use of information technology in all life domains, hacking has become more negatively effective than ever before. Also with developing technologies, attacks numbers are growing exponentially every few months and become more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Khloud Al Jallad , Mohamad Aljnidi , Mohammad Said Desouki

Large Language Models (LLMs) are seeing significant adoption in every type of organization due to their exceptional generative capabilities. However, LLMs are found to be vulnerable to various adversarial attacks, particularly prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Md. Ahsan Ayub , Subhabrata Majumdar