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Quantum computing aims at exploiting quantum phenomena to efficiently perform computations that are unfeasible even for the most powerful classical supercomputers. Among the promising technological approaches, photonic quantum computing…

Photonic quantum computers use the bosonic statistics of photons to construct, through quantum interference, the large entangled states required for measurement-based quantum computation. Therefore, any which-way information present in the…

We propose a fault-tolerant quantum computation scheme in a measurement-based manner with finite-sized entangled resource states and encoded fusion scheme with linear optics. The encoded-fusion is an entangled measurement devised to enhance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-06 Wooyeong Song , Nuri Kang , Yong-Su Kim , Seung-Woo Lee

Quantum computation with light, compared with other platforms, offers the unique benefit of natural high-speed operations at room temperature and large clock rate, but a big obstacle of photonics is the lack of strong nonlinearities which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-24 Kosuke Fukui , Peter van Loock

We present a linear optics quantum computation scheme that employs a new encoding approach that incrementally adds qubits and is tolerant to photon loss errors. The scheme employs a circuit model but uses techniques from cluster state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 T. C. Ralph , A. J. F. Hayes , Alexei Gilchrist

Fault-tolerant quantum computing requires gates which function correctly despite the presence of errors, and are scalable if the error probability-per-gate is below a threshold value. To date, no method has been described for calculating…

With gate error rates in multiple technologies now below the threshold required for fault-tolerant quantum computation, the major remaining obstacle to useful quantum computation is scaling, a challenge greatly amplified by the huge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-09 Kianna Wan , Soonwon Choi , Isaac H. Kim , Noah Shutty , Patrick Hayden

Quantum technologies, such as quantum communication, sensing and imaging, need a platform which is flexible, miniaturizable and works at room temperature. Integrated photonics is a promising and fast-developing platform. This requires to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-12 Andrei-Emanuel Dragomir , Cristian George Ivan , Radu Ionicioiu

Photonics represents one of the most promising approaches to large-scale quantum computation with millions of qubits and billions of gates, owing to the potential for room-temperature operation, high clock speeds, miniaturization of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Paul Renault , Patrick Yard , Raphael C. Pooser , Miller Eaton , Hussain Asim Zaidi

Fault-tolerant quantum computation can be achieved by creating constant-sized, entangled resource states and performing entangling measurements on subsets of their qubits. Linear optical quantum computers can be designed based on this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Brendan Pankovich , Alex Neville , Angus Kan , Srikrishna Omkar , Kwok Ho Wan , Kamil Brádler

Useful fault-tolerant quantum computers require very large numbers of physical qubits. Quantum computers are often designed as arrays of static qubits executing gates and measurements. Photonic qubits require a different approach. In…

Photons are a natural resource in quantum information, and the last decade showed significant progress in high-quality single photon generation and detection. Furthermore, photonic qubits are easy to manipulate and do not require…

Quantum information processing provides remarkable advantages over its classical counterpart. Quantum optical systems are proved to be sufficient for realizing general quantum tasks, which however often rely on single photon sources. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-08 Xiao Yuan , Zhen Zhang , Norbert Lutkenhaus , Xiongfeng Ma

The scaling barriers currently faced by both quantum networking and quantum computing technologies ultimately amount to the same core challenge of distributing high-quality entanglement at scale. In this Perspective, a novel quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-09 Stephanie Simmons

The parameters of a quantum system grow exponentially with the number of involved quantum particles. Hence, the associated memory requirement goes well beyond the limit of best classic computers for quantum systems composed of a few dozen…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-31 Jakob S. Kottmann , Mario Krenn , Thi Ha Kyaw , Sumner Alperin-Lea , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

Photonics provides a viable path to a scalable fault-tolerant quantum computer. The natural framework for this platform is measurement-based quantum computation, where fault-tolerant graph states supersede traditional quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Timo Hillmann , Guillaume Dauphinais , Ilan Tzitrin , Michael Vasmer

Fusion-based quantum computing (FBQC) relies on a set of small, typically photonic, resource states that are fused together through Bell state measurements. The main bottleneck of FBQC is the low rate of generating the resource states,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Nishad Manohar , Arshag Danageozian , Evangelia Takou , Edwin Barnes , Sophia E. Economou

Integrated optics is an engineering solution proposed for exquisite control of photonic quantum information. Here we use silicon photonics and the linear combination of quantum operators scheme to realise a fully programmable two-qubit…

We propose and analyze the design of a programmable photonic integrated circuit for high-fidelity quantum computation and simulation. We demonstrate that the reconfigurability of our design allows us to overcome two major impediments to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-30 Jacob Mower , Nicholas C. Harris , Gregory R. Steinbrecher , Yoav Lahini , Dirk Englund

We introduce a distributed quantum-classical framework that synergizes photonic quantum neural networks (QNNs) with matrix-product-state (MPS) mapping to achieve parameter-efficient training of classical neural networks. By leveraging…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-14 Kuan-Cheng Chen , Chen-Yu Liu , Yu Shang , Felix Burt , Kin K. Leung