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Nowadays, cyberattacks are growing exponentially, causing havoc to Internet users. In particular, authentication attacks constitute the major attack vector where intruders impersonate legitimate users to maliciously access systems or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Ang Kok Wee , Eyasu Getahun Chekole , Jianying Zhou

This paper investigates how to effectively stop an attacker from using compromised user credentials to gain authorized entry to systems that they are otherwise not authorised to access. The proposed solution extends previous work to move…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-09 Roy Henha Eyono

Traditional single-factor authentication possesses several critical security vulnerabilities due to single-point failure feature. Multi-factor authentication (MFA), intends to enhance security by providing additional verification steps.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-19 Sanchari Das , Bingxing Wang , L. Jean Camp

Security vulnerabilities of traditional single factor authentication has become a major concern for security practitioners and researchers. To mitigate single point failures, new and technologically advanced Multi-Factor Authentication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-19 Sanchari Das , Bingxing Wang , Zachary Tingle , L. Jean Camp

This study investigates the effectiveness of multifactor authentication (MFA) in protecting commercial accounts from unauthorized access, with an additional focus on accounts with known credential leaks. We employ the benchmark-multiplier…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Lucas Augusto Meyer , Sergio Romero , Gabriele Bertoli , Tom Burt , Alex Weinert , Juan Lavista Ferres

Approximately 61% of cyber attacks involve adversaries in possession of valid credentials. Attackers acquire credentials through various means, including phishing, dark web data drops, password reuse, etc. Multi-factor authentication (MFA)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-31 Sam Hays , Michael Sandborn , Jules White

The rapid development of information and network technologies motivates the emergence of various new computing paradigms, such as distributed computing, and edge computing. This also enables more and more network enterprises to provide…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Jinyong Chen , Reiner Dojen , Anca Jurcut

Despite being more secure and strongly promoted, two-factor (2FA) or multi-factor (MFA) schemes either fail to protect against recent phishing threats such as real-time MITM, controls/relay MITM, malicious browser extension-based phishing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Sneha Shukla , Gaurav Varshney , Shreya Singh , Swati Goel

As the complexities of processors keep increasing, the task of effectively verifying their integrity and security becomes ever more daunting. The intricate web of instructions, microarchitectural features, and interdependencies woven into…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Vasudev Gohil , Rahul Kande , Chen Chen , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi , Jeyavijayan Rajendran

Recent research has shown that hardware fuzzers can effectively detect security vulnerabilities in modern processors. However, existing hardware fuzzers do not fuzz well the hard-to-reach design spaces. Consequently, these fuzzers cannot…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Chen Chen , Rahul Kande , Nathan Nguyen , Flemming Andersen , Aakash Tyagi , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi , Jeyavijayan Rajendran

The existing authentication system has two entry points (i.e., username and password fields) to interact with the outside, but neither of them has a gatekeeper, making the system vulnerable to cyberattacks. In order to ensure the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Suyun Borjigin

Multi-Factor Authentication is intended to strengthen the security of password-based authentication by adding another factor, such as hardware tokens or one-time passwords using mobile apps. However, this increased authentication security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Sabrina Amft , Sandra Höltervennhoff , Nicolas Huaman , Alexander Krause , Lucy Simko , Yasemin Acar , Sascha Fahl

In the era of pervasive cyber threats and exponential growth in digital services, the inadequacy of single-factor authentication has become increasingly evident. Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), which combines knowledge-based factors…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Abdelilah Ganmati , Karim Afdel , Lahcen Koutti

The unprecedented proliferation of smart devices together with novel communication, computing, and control technologies have paved the way for the Advanced Internet of Things~(A-IoT). This development involves new categories of capable…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Aleksandr Ometov , Vitaly Petrov , Sergey Bezzateev , Sergey Andreev , Yevgeni Koucheryavy , Mario Gerla

The majority of systems rely on user authentication on passwords, but passwords have so many weaknesses and widespread use that easily raise significant security concerns, regardless of their encrypted form. Users hold the same password for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Vassilis Papaspirou , Leandros Maglaras , Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Ioanna Kantzavelou , Helge Janicke , Christos Douligeris

Considering computer systems, security is the major concern with usability. Security policies need to be developed to protect information from unauthorized access. Passwords and secrete codes used between users and information systems for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-02-27 Sharayu A. Aghav , RajneeshKaur Bedi

Password security can no longer provide enough security in the area of remote user authentication. Considering this security drawback, researchers are trying to find solution with multifactor remote user authentication system. Recently,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-11-06 Hossen Asiful Mustafa , Hasan Muhammad Kafi

Attacks targeting several millions of non-internet based application users are on the rise. These applications such as SMS and USSD typically do not benefit from existing multi-factor authentication methods due to the nature of their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Andrew Kinai , Fred Otieno , Nelson Bore , Komminist Weldemariam

Security researchers have stated that the core concept behind current implementations of access control predates the Internet. These assertions are made to pinpoint that there is a foundational gap in this field, and one should consider…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-09-16 Yvo Desmedt , Arash Shaghaghi

Since the introduction of bcrypt in 1999, adaptive password hashing functions, whereby brute-force resistance increases symmetrically with computational difficulty for legitimate users, have been our most powerful post-breach countermeasure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Vivek Nair , Dawn Song
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