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A significant increase in renewable energy production is necessary to achieve the UN's net-zero emission targets for 2050. Using power-electronic controllers, such as Phase Locked Loops (PLLs), to keep grid-tied renewable resources in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-23 Rahul Nellikkath , Andreas Venzke , Mohammad Kazem Bakhshizadeh , Ilgiz Murzakhanov , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have enabled significant improvements in modelling physical processes described by partial differential equations (PDEs). PINNs are based on simple architectures, and learn the behavior of complex…

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for solving inverse problems, especially in cases where no complete information about the system is known and scatter measurements are available. This is especially…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Jeremias Garay , Jocelyn Dunstan , Sergio Uribe , Francisco Sahli Costabal

Physics-informed Neural Networks (PINNs) often have, in their loss functions, terms based on physical equations and derivatives. In order to evaluate these terms, the output solution is sampled using a distribution of collocation points.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Marcus Münzer , Chris Bard

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as a novel and popular approach for solving forward and inverse problems involving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, achieving stable training and obtaining…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-05-28 Wenbo Cao , Weiwei Zhang

Training Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) on stiff time-dependent PDEs remains highly unstable. Through rigorous ablation studies, we identify a surprisingly critical factor: the enforcement of initial conditions. We present the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-09 Baoli Hao , Ulisses Braga-Neto , Chun Liu , Lifan Wang , Ming Zhong

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a promising framework for solving forward and inverse problems governed by differential equations. However, their reliability when used in ill-posed inverse problems remains poorly…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-12 J. Penuela , H. Ouerdane

In order to drastically reduce the heavy computational burden associated with time-domain simulations, this paper introduces a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) to directly learn the solutions of power system dynamics. In contrast to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-01 Jochen Stiasny , Samuel Chevalier , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

Systems biology and systems neurophysiology in particular have recently emerged as powerful tools for a number of key applications in the biomedical sciences. Nevertheless, such models are often based on complex combinations of multiscale…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Matteo Ferrante , Andera Duggento , Nicola Toschi

Physics-informed neural network (PINN) has recently gained increasing interest in computational mechanics. In this work, we present a detailed introduction to programming PINN-based computational solid mechanics. Besides, two prevailingly…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Jinshuai Bai , Hyogu Jeong , C. P. Batuwatta-Gamage , Shusheng Xiao , Qingxia Wang , C. M. Rathnayaka , Laith Alzubaidi , Gui-Rong Liu , Yuantong Gu

This study investigates the potential accuracy boundaries of physics-informed neural networks, contrasting their approach with previous similar works and traditional numerical methods. We find that selecting improved optimization algorithms…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-12-16 Jorge F. Urbán , Petros Stefanou , José A. Pons

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) frequently encounter difficulties in accurately resolving shock waves within high-speed compressible flows, a failure largely attributed to the "gradient pathology" arising from extreme stiffness at…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Darui Zhao , Ze Tao , Fujun Liu

Singularly perturbed problems are known to have solutions with steep boundary layers that are hard to resolve numerically. Traditional numerical methods, such as Finite Difference Methods (FDMs), require a refined mesh to obtain stable and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-09-13 Jiajing Guan , Howard Elman

Despite the significant progress over the last 50 years in simulating flow problems using numerical discretization of the Navier-Stokes equations (NSE), we still cannot incorporate seamlessly noisy data into existing algorithms,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-05-21 Shengze Cai , Zhiping Mao , Zhicheng Wang , Minglang Yin , George Em Karniadakis

The loss functions of many learning problems contain multiple additive terms that can disagree and yield conflicting update directions. For Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), loss terms on initial/boundary conditions and physics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Qiang Liu , Mengyu Chu , Nils Thuerey

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) can be regarded as general-purpose PDE solvers, but it might be slow to train PINNs on particular problems, and there is no theoretical guarantee of corresponding error bounds. In this manuscript, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Wei Peng , Weien Zhou , Jun Zhang , Wen Yao

Neural networks can be trained to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by using the PDE residual as the loss function. This strategy is called "physics-informed neural networks" (PINNs), but it currently cannot produce high-accuracy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Qi Zeng , Yash Kothari , Spencer H. Bryngelson , Florian Schäfer

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful framework for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by embedding physical laws directly into the loss function. However, as a fundamental optimization issue,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Feilong Jiang , Xiaonan Hou , Jianqiao Ye , Min Xia

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as a promising alternative for extracting unknown quantities from experimental data. Despite this potential, much of the recent literature has relied on sparse, high-fidelity…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-01-09 Christian Toma , Bharathram Ganapathisubramani , Sean Symon

Physics intelligence and digital twins often require rapid and repeated performance evaluation of various engineering systems (e.g. robots, autonomous vehicles, semiconductor chips) to enable (almost) real-time actions or decision making.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yequan Zhao , Xinling Yu , Xian Xiao , Zhixiong Chen , Ziyue Liu , Geza Kurczveil , Raymond G. Beausoleil , Sijia Liu , Zheng Zhang