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Program synthesis is challenging largely because of the difficulty of search in a large space of programs. Human programmers routinely tackle the task of writing complex programs by writing sub-programs and then analyzing their intermediate…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Augustus Odena , Kensen Shi , David Bieber , Rishabh Singh , Charles Sutton , Hanjun Dai

Clinical prediction models are increasingly used to support patient care, yet many deep learning-based approaches remain unstable, as their predictions can vary substantially when trained on different samples from the same population. Such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Sara Matijevic , Christopher Yau

Automated Program Repair (APR) agents leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) to autonomously diagnose and fix software bugs through reasoning, planning, and tool use. Despite impressive leaderboard gains on benchmarks such as SWE-bench,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ira Ceka , Hailie Mitchell , Saurabh Pujar , Luca Buratti , Shyam Ramji , Junfeng Yang , Gail Kaiser , Baishakhi Ray

Large pre-trained language models perform remarkably well on tasks that can be done "in one pass", such as generating realistic text or synthesizing computer programs. However, they struggle with tasks that require unbounded multi-step…

Program synthesis strives to generate a computer program as a solution to a given problem specification, expressed with input-output examples or natural language descriptions. The prevalence of large language models advances the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Erik Nijkamp , Bo Pang , Hiroaki Hayashi , Lifu Tu , Huan Wang , Yingbo Zhou , Silvio Savarese , Caiming Xiong

A significant amount of research is focused on developing and evaluating large language models for a variety of code synthesis tasks. These include synthesizing code from natural language, synthesizing tests from code, and synthesizing…

The automatic generation of computer programs is one of the main applications with practical relevance in the field of evolutionary computation. With program synthesis techniques not only software developers could be supported in their…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Dominik Sobania , Dirk Schweim , Franz Rothlauf

Large language models (LLMs) for code are increasingly used in software development, but they remain static after pretraining while APIs and software libraries continue to evolve. Model editing offers a lightweight alternative to retraining…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Vinaik Chhetri , Moghis Fereidouni , A. B Siddique , Umar Farooq

Automated Program Repair (APR) is essential for ensuring software reliability and quality while enhancing efficiency and reducing developers' workload. Although rule-based and learning-based APR methods have demonstrated their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Hanyang Guo , Xiaoheng Xie , Hong-Ning Dai , Peng Di , Yu Zhang , Bishenghui Tao , Zibin Zheng

When giving automated feedback to a student working on a beginner's exercise, many programming tutors run into a completeness problem. On the one hand, we want a student to experiment freely. On the other hand, we want a student to write…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Niek Mulleners , Johan Jeuring , Bastiaan Heeren

In this paper, we introduce a novel and simple method for obtaining high-quality text embeddings using only synthetic data and less than 1k training steps. Unlike existing methods that often depend on multi-stage intermediate pre-training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Liang Wang , Nan Yang , Xiaolong Huang , Linjun Yang , Rangan Majumder , Furu Wei

Automated debugging techniques have the potential to reduce developer effort in debugging, and have matured enough to be adopted by industry. However, one critical issue with existing techniques is that, while developers want rationales for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Sungmin Kang , Bei Chen , Shin Yoo , Jian-Guang Lou

The problem of automatically generating a computer program from some specification has been studied since the early days of AI. Recently, two competing approaches for automatic program learning have received significant attention: (1)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-03-23 Jacob Devlin , Jonathan Uesato , Surya Bhupatiraju , Rishabh Singh , Abdel-rahman Mohamed , Pushmeet Kohli

Large language models (LMs), while powerful, are not immune to mistakes, but can be difficult to retrain. Our goal is for an LM to continue to improve after deployment, without retraining, using feedback from the user. Our approach pairs an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Niket Tandon , Aman Madaan , Peter Clark , Yiming Yang

The in-context learning ability of large language models (LLMs) enables them to generalize to novel downstream tasks with relatively few labeled examples. However, they require enormous computational resources to be deployed. Alternatively,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Jean Kaddour , Qi Liu

Several recent advances in AI systems solve problems by providing a "scaffolding" program that structures multiple calls to language models (LMs) to generate better outputs. A scaffolding program is written in a programming language such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Eric Zelikman , Eliana Lorch , Lester Mackey , Adam Tauman Kalai

Machine Learning models from other fields, like Computational Linguistics, have been transplanted to Software Engineering tasks, often quite successfully. Yet a transplanted model's initial success at a given task does not necessarily mean…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Yangruibo Ding , Baishakhi Ray , Premkumar Devanbu , Vincent J. Hellendoorn

Training and fine-tuning deep learning models, especially large language models (LLMs), on limited and imbalanced datasets poses substantial challenges. These issues often result in poor generalization, where models overfit to dominant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Ashok Choudhary , Cornelius Thiels , Hojjat Salehinejad

The gap between the trepidation of program reliability and the expense of repairs underscores the indispensability of Automated Program Repair (APR). APR is instrumental in transforming vulnerable programs into more robust ones, bolstering…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Yuze Zhao , Zhenya Huang , Yixiao Ma , Rui Li , Kai Zhang , Hao Jiang , Qi Liu , Linbo Zhu , Yu Su

Recent work has highlighted the advantage of jointly learning grounded sentence representations from multiple languages. However, the data used in these studies has been limited to an aligned scenario: the same images annotated with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Ákos Kádár , Grzegorz Chrupała , Afra Alishahi , Desmond Elliott