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Discrete diffusion language models have emerged as a competitive alternative to auto-regressive language models, but training them efficiently under limited parameter and memory budgets remains challenging. Modern architectures are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Zihao Wu , Haoming Yang , Juncheng Dong , Vahid Tarokh

With the growing interest in foundation models for brain signals, graph-based pretraining has emerged as a promising paradigm for learning transferable representations from connectome data. However, existing contrastive and masked…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xinxu Wei , Rong Zhou , Lifang He , Yu Zhang

While many unsupervised learning models focus on one family of tasks, either generative or discriminative, we explore the possibility of a unified representation learner: a model which addresses both families of tasks simultaneously. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Soumik Mukhopadhyay , Matthew Gwilliam , Yosuke Yamaguchi , Vatsal Agarwal , Namitha Padmanabhan , Archana Swaminathan , Tianyi Zhou , Jun Ohya , Abhinav Shrivastava

Diffusion models have become popular for policy learning in robotics due to their ability to capture high-dimensional and multimodal distributions. However, diffusion policies are stochastic and typically trained offline, limiting their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Ralf Römer , Alexander von Rohr , Angela P. Schoellig

Diffusion models (DMs) have achieved state-of-the-art results for image synthesis tasks as well as density estimation. Applied in the latent space of a powerful pretrained autoencoder (LDM), their immense computational requirements can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Jeremias Traub

Diffusion-based methods represented as stochastic differential equations on a continuous-time domain have recently proven successful as a non-adversarial generative model. Training such models relies on denoising score matching, which can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Sarthak Mittal , Korbinian Abstreiter , Stefan Bauer , Bernhard Schölkopf , Arash Mehrjou

Generative AI models have recently achieved astonishing results in quality and are consequently employed in a fast-growing number of applications. However, since they are highly data-driven, relying on billion-sized datasets randomly…

Diffusion models, which leverage stochastic processes to capture complex data distributions effectively, have shown their performance as generative models, achieving notable success in image-related tasks through iterative denoising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Toshihide Ubukata , Jialong Li , Kenji Tei

Microstructure reconstruction, a major component of inverse computational materials engineering, is currently advancing at an unprecedented rate. While various training-based and training-free approaches are developed, the majority of…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-11-28 Christian Düreth , Paul Seibert , Dennis Rücker , Stephanie Handford , Markus Kästner , Maik Gude

While generative models have seen significant adoption across a wide range of data modalities, including 3D data, a consensus on which model is best suited for which task has yet to be reached. Further, conditional information such as text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Matthias Humt , Ulrich Hillenbrand , Rudolph Triebel

Masked diffusion models (MDMs) have recently emerged as a novel framework for language modeling. MDMs generate sentences by iteratively denoising masked sequences, filling in [MASK] tokens step by step. Although MDMs support any-order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Chunsan Hong , Seonho An , Min-Soo Kim , Jong Chul Ye

We introduce Dream 7B, the most powerful open diffusion large language model to date. Unlike autoregressive (AR) models that generate tokens sequentially, Dream 7B employs discrete diffusion modeling to refine sequences in parallel through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Jiacheng Ye , Zhihui Xie , Lin Zheng , Jiahui Gao , Zirui Wu , Xin Jiang , Zhenguo Li , Lingpeng Kong

Autoregressive and diffusion models represent two complementary generative paradigms. Autoregressive models excel at sequential planning and constraint composition, yet struggle with tasks that require explicit spatial or physical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Mu Yuan , Liekang Zeng , Guoliang Xing , Lan Zhang , Yunhao Liu

Uniform-state discrete diffusion models excel at few-step generation and guidance due to their ability to self-correct, making them preferred over autoregressive or Masked diffusion models in these settings. However, their sampling quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Justin Deschenaux , Caglar Gulcehre , Subham Sekhar Sahoo

While diffusion has drawn considerable recent attention from the language modeling community, continuous diffusion has appeared less scalable than discrete approaches. To challenge this belief we revisit Plaid, a likelihood-based continuous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhihan Yang , Wei Guo , Shuibai Zhang , Subham Sekhar Sahoo , Yongxin Chen , Arash Vahdat , Morteza Mardani , John Thickstun

Diffusion models have been the predominant generative model for tabular data generation. However, they face the conundrum of modeling under a separate versus a unified data representation. The former encounters the challenge of jointly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Jacob Si , Zijing Ou , Mike Qu , Zhengrui Xiang , Yingzhen Li

Online Speech Enhancement was mainly reserved for predictive models. A key advantage of these models is that for an incoming signal frame from a stream of data, the model is called only once for enhancement. In contrast, generative Speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-22 Bunlong Lay , Rostislav Makarov , Simon Welker , Maris Hillemann , Timo Gerkmann

We introduce Diffusion-based Audio Captioning (DAC), a non-autoregressive diffusion model tailored for diverse and efficient audio captioning. Although existing captioning models relying on language backbones have achieved remarkable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Manjie Xu , Chenxing Li , Xinyi Tu , Yong Ren , Ruibo Fu , Wei Liang , Dong Yu

Large models, encompassing large language and diffusion models, have shown exceptional promise in approximating human-level intelligence, garnering significant interest from both academic and industrial spheres. However, the training of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Yue Zhou , Chenlu Guo , Xu Wang , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

We introduce TESS 2, a general instruction-following diffusion language model that outperforms contemporary instruction-tuned diffusion models, as well as matches and sometimes exceeds strong autoregressive (AR) models. We train TESS 2 by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jaesung Tae , Hamish Ivison , Sachin Kumar , Arman Cohan
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