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Missing covariates in regression or classification problems can prohibit the direct use of advanced tools for further analysis. Recent research has realized an increasing trend towards the usage of modern Machine Learning algorithms for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-23 Burim Ramosaj , Justus Tulowietzki , Markus Pauly

The broad adoption of Machine Learning (ML) in security-critical fields demands the explainability of the approach. However, the research on understanding ML models, such as Random Forest (RF), is still in its infant stage. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Shucen Ma , Jianqi Shi , Yanhong Huang , Shengchao Qin , Zhe Hou

Fractional imputation (FI) is a relatively new method of imputation for handling item nonresponse in survey sampling. In FI, several imputed values with their fractional weights are created for each missing item. Each fractional weight…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-11 Shu Yang , Jae Kwang Kim

Tabular data sets with varying missing values are prepared for machine learning using an arbitrary imputation strategy. Synthetic values generated by imputation models often raise concerns regarding data quality and the reliability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Manar D. Samad , Kazi Fuad B. Akhter , Shourav B. Rabbani , Ibna Kowsar

Two-phase sampling designs have been widely adopted in epidemiological studies to reduce costs when measuring certain biomarkers is prohibitively expensive. Under these designs, investigators commonly relate survival outcomes to risk…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-12 Jooho Kim , Yei Eun Shin

Constant (naive) imputation is still widely used in practice as this is a first easy-to-use technique to deal with missing data. Yet, this simple method could be expected to induce a large bias for prediction purposes, as the imputed input…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-07 Alexis Ayme , Claire Boyer , Aymeric Dieuleveut , Erwan Scornet

Research increasingly relies on computational methods to analyze experimental data and predict molecular properties. Current approaches often require researchers to use a variety of tools for statistical analysis and machine learning,…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-01 Luke Rimmo Lego , Samantha Gauthier , Denver Jn. Baptiste

Propensity score matching (PSM) has been widely used to mitigate confounding in observational studies, although complications arise when the covariates used to estimate the PS are only partially observed. Multiple imputation (MI) is a…

Applications · Statistics 2021-07-22 Albee Y. Ling , Maria E. Montez-Rath , Maya B. Mathur , Kris Kapphahn , Manisha Desai

Marginal imputation, which consists of imputing each item requiring imputation separately, is often used in surveys. This type of imputation procedures leads to asymptotically unbiased estimators of simple parameters such as population…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-11-04 Hélène Chaput , Guillaume Chauvet , David Haziza , Laurianne Salembier , Julie Solard

We consider the task of identifying and estimating a parameter of interest in settings where data is missing not at random (MNAR). In general, such parameters are not identified without strong assumptions on the missing data model. In this…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-29 Zixiao Wang , AmirEmad Ghassami , Ilya Shpitser

Missing covariate data pose a significant challenge to statistical inference and machine learning, particularly for classification tasks like logistic regression. Classical iterative approaches (EM, multiple imputation) are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 M. Cherifi , Aude Sportisse , Xujia Zhu , Mohammed Nabil El Korso , A. Mesloub

Imputation of missing data is a common application in various classification problems where the feature training matrix has missingness. A widely used solution to this imputation problem is based on the lazy learning technique, $k$-nearest…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-26 Arkopal Choudhury , Michael R. Kosorok

Classifying samples in incomplete datasets is a common aim for machine learning practitioners, but is non-trivial. Missing data is found in most real-world datasets and these missing values are typically imputed using established methods,…

In clinical trials, mixed effects models for repeated measures (MMRM) and pattern mixture models (PMM) are often used to analyze longitudinal continuous outcomes. We describe a simple missing data imputation algorithm for the MMRM that can…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-10-13 Yongqiang Tang

Recent advancements in remote sensing technology, specifically Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensors, provide the data needed to quantify forest characteristics at a fine spatial resolution over large geographic domains. From an…

Applications · Statistics 2016-12-07 Andrew O. Finley , Sudipto Banerjee , Yuzhen Zhou , Bruce D. Cook , Chad Babcock

Missing values frequently arise in modern biomedical studies due to various reasons, including missing tests or complex profiling technologies for different omics measurements. Missing values can complicate the application of clustering…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-27 Shahin Boluki , Siamak Zamani Dadaneh , Xiaoning Qian , Edward R. Dougherty

Presence of bias (in datasets or tasks) is inarguably one of the most critical challenges in machine learning applications that has alluded to pivotal debates in recent years. Such challenges range from spurious associations between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Ehsan Adeli , Qingyu Zhao , Adolf Pfefferbaum , Edith V. Sullivan , Li Fei-Fei , Juan Carlos Niebles , Kilian M. Pohl

We propose a computationally efficient alternative to generalized random forests (GRFs) for estimating heterogeneous effects in large dimensions. While GRFs rely on a gradient-based splitting criterion, which in large dimensions is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-18 David Fleischer , David A. Stephens , Archer Y. Yang

Random forest is a popular machine learning approach for the analysis of high-dimensional data because it is flexible and provides variable importance measures for the selection of relevant features. However, the complex relationships…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Lucas F. Voges , Lukas C. Jarren , Stephan Seifert

In medical domain, data features often contain missing values. This can create serious bias in the predictive modeling. Typical standard data mining methods often produce poor performance measures. In this paper, we propose a new method to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-03-24 Talayeh Razzaghi , Oleg Roderick , Ilya Safro , Nick Marko