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A large body of research has found substantial gender bias in NLP systems. Most of this research takes a binary, essentialist view of gender: limiting its variation to the categories _men_ and _women_, conflating gender with sex, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Ruby Ostrow , Adam Lopez

Modern Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently attracted much attention for their ability to simulate human behavior and generate text that reflects personas and demographic groups. While these capabilities can open up a multitude of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Marco Bombieri , Simone Paolo Ponzetto , Marco Rospocher

As modern Large Language Models (LLMs) shatter many state-of-the-art benchmarks in a variety of domains, this paper investigates their behavior in the domains of ethics and fairness, focusing on protected group bias. We conduct a two-part…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Hadas Kotek , David Q. Sun , Zidi Xiu , Margit Bowler , Christopher Klein

Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained primarily on minimally processed web text, which exhibits the same wide range of social biases held by the humans who created that content. Consequently, text generated by LLMs can inadvertently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Harnoor Dhingra , Preetiha Jayashanker , Sayali Moghe , Emma Strubell

This paper examines how Large Language Models (LLMs) reproduce societal norms, particularly heterocisnormativity, and how these norms translate into measurable biases in their text generations. We investigate whether explicit information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Mae Sosto , Delfina Sol Martinez Pandiani , Laura Hollink

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in simulating human behaviour and social intelligence. However, they risk perpetuating societal biases, especially when demographic information is involved. We introduce…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Bryan Chen Zhengyu Tan , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for text generation tasks from everyday use to high-stakes enterprise and government applications, including simulated interviews with asylum seekers. While many works highlight the new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Ilana Nguyen , Harini Suresh , Thema Monroe-White , Evan Shieh

With the increasing role of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in various applications, challenges concerning bias and stereotype perpetuation are accentuated, which often leads to hate speech and harm. Despite existing studies on sexism and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Mae Sosto , Alberto Barrón-Cedeño

Increasingly, studies are exploring using Large Language Models (LLMs) for accelerated or scaled qualitative analysis of text data. While we can compare LLM accuracy against human labels directly for deductive coding, or labeling text, it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Melanie Subbiah , Haaris Mian , Nicholas Deas , Ananya Mayukha , Dan P. McAdams , Kathleen McKeown

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming pervasive in everyday life, yet their propensity to reproduce biases inherited from training data remains a pressing concern. Prior investigations into bias in LLMs have focused on the association…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Messi H. J. Lee , Jacob M. Montgomery , Calvin K. Lai

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) infer user's demographic information from subtle cues in the conversation -- a phenomenon called implicit personalization. Prior work has shown that such inferences can lead to lower quality responses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Vera Neplenbroek , Arianna Bisazza , Raquel Fernández

Large language models (LLMs) are increasing in capability and popularity, propelling their application in new domains -- including as replacements for human participants in computational social science, user testing, annotation tasks, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Angelina Wang , Jamie Morgenstern , John P. Dickerson

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet concerns persist regarding their tendency to reflect or amplify social biases. This study introduces a novel evaluation framework to uncover gender biases in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Evan Chen , Run-Jun Zhan , Yan-Bai Lin , Hung-Hsuan Chen

In subjective decision-making, where decisions are based on contextual interpretation, Large Language Models (LLMs) can be integrated to present users with additional rationales to consider. The diversity of these rationales is mediated by…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Paula Akemi Aoyagui , Kelsey Stemmler , Sharon Ferguson , Young-ho Kim , Anastasia Kuzminykh

Many applications of Large Language Models (LLMs) require them to either simulate people or offer personalized functionality, making the demographic representativeness of LLMs crucial for equitable utility. At the same time, we know little…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Indira Sen , Marlene Lutz , Elisa Rogers , David Garcia , Markus Strohmaier

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used across different applications, concerns about their potential to amplify gender biases in various tasks are rising. Prior research has often probed gender bias using explicit gender cues…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Shahed Masoudian , Gustavo Escobedo , Hannah Strauss , Markus Schedl

Summarization is an important application of large language models (LLMs). Most previous evaluation of summarization models has focused on their content selection, faithfulness, grammaticality and coherence. However, it is well known that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Julius Steen , Katja Markert

Queer youth face increased mental health risks, such as depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Hindered by negative stigma, they often avoid seeking help and rely on online resources, which may provide incompatible information.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Shir Lissak , Nitay Calderon , Geva Shenkman , Yaakov Ophir , Eyal Fruchter , Anat Brunstein Klomek , Roi Reichart

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made substantial progress in the past several months, shattering state-of-the-art benchmarks in many domains. This paper investigates LLMs' behavior with respect to gender stereotypes, a known issue for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Hadas Kotek , Rikker Dockum , David Q. Sun

As Large Language Models (LLMs) ascend in popularity, offering information with unprecedented convenience compared to traditional search engines, we delve into the intriguing possibility that a new, singular perspective is being propagated.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Aman Priyanshu , Supriti Vijay
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