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Small Language Models (SLMs) have gained substantial attention due to their ability to execute diverse language tasks successfully while using fewer computer resources. These models are particularly ideal for deployment in limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Tanjil Hasan Sakib , Md. Tanzib Hosain , Md. Kishor Morol

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a key element of modern artificial intelligence, demonstrating the ability to address a wide range of language processing tasks at unprecedented levels of accuracy without the need of collecting…

Large language models have gained widespread popularity for their ability to process natural language inputs and generate insights derived from their training data, nearing the qualities of true artificial intelligence. This advancement has…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Narcisa Guran , Florian Knauf , Man Ngo , Stefan Petrescu , Jan S. Rellermeyer

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have endowed LLMs with the ability to perceive and understand multi-modal signals. However, most of the existing MLLMs mainly adopt vision encoders pretrained on coarsely aligned image-text pairs,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Gongwei Chen , Leyang Shen , Rui Shao , Xiang Deng , Liqiang Nie

We introduce a lightweight yet highly effective safety guardrail framework for language models, demonstrating that small-scale language models can achieve, and even surpass, the performance of larger counterparts in content moderation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Aleksei Ilin , Gor Matevosyan , Xueying Ma , Vladimir Eremin , Suhaa Dada , Muqun Li , Riyaaz Shaik , Haluk Noyan Tokgozoglu

Effective content moderation is essential for video platforms to safeguard user experience and uphold community standards. While traditional video classification models effectively handle well-defined moderation tasks, they struggle with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Zixuan Wang , Jinghao Shi , Hanzhong Liang , Xiang Shen , Vera Wen , Zhiqian Chen , Yifan Wu , Zhixin Zhang , Hongyu Xiong

In autonomous driving, end-to-end (E2E) driving systems that predict control commands directly from sensor data have achieved significant advancements. For safe driving in unexpected scenarios, these systems may additionally rely on human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Seo Hyun Kim , Jin Bok Park , Do Yeon Koo , Hogun Park , Il Yong Chun

As Large Language Models (LLMs) and generative AI become increasingly widespread, concerns about content safety have grown in parallel. Currently, there is a clear lack of high-quality, human-annotated datasets that address the full…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have consistently showcased remarkable generalization capabilities when applied to various language tasks. Nonetheless, harnessing the full potential of LLMs for Radiology Report Generation (R2Gen) still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Zhanyu Wang , Lingqiao Liu , Lei Wang , Luping Zhou

As the latest advancements in natural language processing, large language models (LLMs) have achieved human-level language understanding and generation abilities in many real-world tasks, and even have been regarded as a potential path to…

We present SGuard-v1, a lightweight safety guardrail for Large Language Models (LLMs), which comprises two specialized models to detect harmful content and screen adversarial prompts in human-AI conversational settings. The first component,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 JoonHo Lee , HyeonMin Cho , Jaewoong Yun , Hyunjae Lee , JunKyu Lee , Juree Seok

Large language models (LLMs) pose significant risks due to the potential for generating harmful content or users attempting to evade guardrails. Existing studies have developed LLM-based guard models designed to moderate the input and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Hongfu Liu , Hengguan Huang , Xiangming Gu , Hao Wang , Ye Wang

Language modeling has witnessed remarkable advancements in recent years, with Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT setting unparalleled benchmarks in human-like text generation. However, a prevailing limitation is the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Abhinand Balachandran

Current guardian models are predominantly Western-centric and optimized for high-resource languages, leaving low-resource African languages vulnerable to evolving harms, cross-lingual failures, and cultural misalignment. Moreover, most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Tassallah Abdullahi , Macton Mgonzo , Mardiyyah Oduwole , Paul Okewunmi , Abraham Owodunni , Ritambhara Singh , Carsten Eickhoff

The advent of large language models (LLMs) in the education sector has provided impetus to automate grading short answer questions. LLMs make evaluating short answers very efficient, thus addressing issues like staff shortage. However, in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Niharika Dadu , Harsh Vardhan Singh , Romi Banerjee

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit severe multilingual safety misalignment: they possess strong safeguards in high-resource languages but remain highly vulnerable to jailbreak attacks in low-resource languages. Current safety alignment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Ruiyang Qin , Qingzhuo Wang , Dongrui Liu , Qiang Li , Zhihua Wei , Wen Shen

Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 and LLaMA have shown incredible proficiency at natural language processing tasks and have even begun to excel at tasks across other modalities such as vision and audio. Despite their success, LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Michael Andersland

Current safety mechanisms for Large Language Models (LLMs) rely heavily on static, fine-tuned classifiers that suffer from adaptation rigidity, the inability to enforce new governance rules without expensive retraining. To address this, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Umid Suleymanov , Rufiz Bayramov , Suad Gafarli , Seljan Musayeva , Taghi Mammadov , Aynur Akhundlu , Murat Kantarcioglu

Current large language models (LLMs) are trained on massive amounts of text data, primarily from a few dominant languages. Studies suggest that this over-reliance on high-resource languages, such as English, hampers LLM performance in mid-…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Iñaki Lacunza , José Javier Saiz , Alexander Shvets , Aitor Gonzalez-Agirre , Marta Villegas

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased remarkable capabilities across various tasks in different domains. However, the emergence of biases and the potential for generating harmful content in LLMs, particularly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Zhuowen Yuan , Zidi Xiong , Yi Zeng , Ning Yu , Ruoxi Jia , Dawn Song , Bo Li
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