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The support of artificial intelligence (AI) based decision-making is a key element in future 6G networks, where the concept of native AI will be introduced. Moreover, AI is widely employed in different critical applications such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Abdul Karim Gizzini , Yahia Medjahdi , Ali J. Ghandour , Laurent Clavier

Explainability is needed to establish confidence in machine learning results. Some explainable methods take a post hoc approach to explain the weights of machine learning models, others highlight areas of the input contributing to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Paul Whitten , Francis Wolff , Chris Papachristou

This paper introduces a novel approach to quantify the uncertainties in fault diagnosis of motor drives using Bayesian neural networks (BNN). Conventional data-driven approaches used for fault diagnosis often rely on point-estimate neural…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-16 Subham Sahoo , Huai Wang , Frede Blaabjerg

The growing need for trustworthy machine learning has led to the blossom of interpretability research. Numerous explanation methods have been developed to serve this purpose. However, these methods are deficiently and inappropriately…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Yipei Wang , Xiaoqian Wang

The growing complexity of machinery and the increasing demand for operational efficiency and safety have driven the development of advanced fault diagnosis techniques. Among these, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have emerged as a…

The lack of explainability of a decision from an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based "black box" system/model, despite its superiority in many real-world applications, is a key stumbling block for adopting AI in many high stakes applications…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Sheikh Rabiul Islam , William Eberle , Sheikh Khaled Ghafoor , Mohiuddin Ahmed

The expansion of explainable artificial intelligence as a field of research has generated numerous methods of visualizing and understanding the black box of a machine learning model. Attribution maps are generally used to highlight the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Ian E. Nielsen , Ravi P. Ramachandran , Nidhal Bouaynaya , Hassan M. Fathallah-Shaykh , Ghulam Rasool

Explainable AI is an emerging field providing solutions for acquiring insights into automated systems' rationale. It has been put on the AI map by suggesting ways to tackle key ethical and societal issues. Existing explanation techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Ioannis Mollas , Nick Bassiliades , Grigorios Tsoumakas

Deep Learning (DL) models processing images to recognize the health state of large infrastructure components can exhibit biases and rely on non-causal shortcuts. eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) can address these issues but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Giovanni Floreale , Piero Baraldi , Enrico Zio , Olga Fink

Diagnosis prediction is a critical task in healthcare, where timely and accurate identification of medical conditions can significantly impact patient outcomes. Traditional machine learning and deep learning models have achieved notable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Qiuhao Lu , Rui Li , Elham Sagheb , Andrew Wen , Jinlian Wang , Liwei Wang , Jungwei W. Fan , Hongfang Liu

Deep neural networks for medical image classification often fail to generalize consistently in clinical practice due to violations of the i.i.d. assumption and opaque decision-making. This paper examines interpretability in deep neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Mohammad Hossein Najafi , Mohammad Morsali , Mohammadreza Pashanejad , Saman Soleimani Roudi , Mohammad Norouzi , Saeed Bagheri Shouraki

Artificial Intelligence has emerged as a useful aid in numerous clinical applications for diagnosis and treatment decisions. Deep neural networks have shown same or better performance than clinicians in many tasks owing to the rapid…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-05 Zohaib Salahuddin , Henry C Woodruff , Avishek Chatterjee , Philippe Lambin

AI methods have been proven to yield impressive performance on Android malware detection. However, most AI-based methods make predictions of suspicious samples in a black-box manner without transparency on models' inference. The expectation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Zhi Lu , Vrizlynn L. L. Thing

Deep Neural Networks (DNN) have found numerous applications in various domains, including fraud detection, medical diagnosis, facial recognition, and autonomous driving. However, DNN-based systems often suffer from reliability issues due to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Sigma Jahan , Mehil B Shah , Parvez Mahbub , Mohammad Masudur Rahman

Recently, the term explainable AI became known as an approach to produce models from artificial intelligence which allow interpretation. Since a long time, there are models of symbolic regression in use that are perfectly explainable and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-29 Markus Quade , Thomas Isele , Markus Abel

Machine learning based image classification algorithms, such as deep neural network approaches, will be increasingly employed in critical settings such as quality control in industry, where transparency and comprehensibility of decisions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Dennis Müller , Michael März , Stephan Scheele , Ute Schmid

Explainable AI (XAI) is increasingly essential as modern models become more complex and high-stakes applications demand transparency, trust, and regulatory compliance. Existing global attribution methods often incur high computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Poushali Sengupta , Yan Zhang , Frank Eliassen , Sabita Maharjan

Early fault diagnosis in complex mechanical systems such as gearbox has always been a great challenge, even with the recent development in deep neural networks. The performance of a classic fault diagnosis system predominantly depends on…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Pei Cao , Shengli Zhang , Jiong Tang

Purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI) solutions for medical diagnosis require thorough evaluation to demonstrate that performance is maintained for all patient sub-groups and to ensure that proposed improvements in care will be delivered…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-20 Tom Dyer , Jordan Smith , Gaetan Dissez , Nicole Tay , Qaiser Malik , Tom Naunton Morgan , Paul Williams , Liliana Garcia-Mondragon , George Pearse , Simon Rasalingham

Explainability of AI models is an important topic that can have a significant impact in all domains and applications from autonomous driving to healthcare. The existing approaches to explainable AI (XAI) are mainly limited to simple machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Poushali Sengupta , Yan Zhang , Sabita Maharjan , Frank Eliassen