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While Large Language Models (LLMs) enable complex autonomous behavior, current agents remain constrained by static, human-designed prompts that limit adaptability. Existing self-improving frameworks attempt to bridge this gap but typically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xinmeng Hou , Peiliang Gong , Bohao Qu , Wuqi Wang , Qing Guo , Yang Liu

Effective tool use is essential for large language models (LLMs) to interact with their environment. However, progress is limited by the lack of efficient reinforcement learning (RL) frameworks specifically designed for tool use, due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Junjie Ye , Changhao Jiang , Zhengyin Du , Yufei Xu , Xuesong Yao , Zhiheng Xi , Xiaoran Fan , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang , Jiecao Chen

Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in robotic planning, particularly for long-horizon tasks that require a holistic understanding of the environment for task decomposition. Existing methods typically…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Puzhen Yuan , Angyuan Ma , Yunchao Yao , Huaxiu Yao , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Mingyu Ding

Reward Models (RMs) are critical components in the Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) pipeline, directly determining the alignment quality of Large Language Models (LLMs). Recently, Generative Reward Models (GRMs) have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Kai Qin , Liangxin Liu , Yu Liang , Longzheng Wang , Yan Wang , Yueyang Zhang , Long Xia , Zhiyuan Sun , Houde Liu , Daiting Shi

Solving complex, long-horizon robotic manipulation tasks requires a deep understanding of physical interactions, reasoning about their long-term consequences, and precise high-level planning. Vision-Language Models (VLMs) offer a general…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yanting Yang , Shenyuan Gao , Qingwen Bu , Li Chen , Dimitris N. Metaxas

To enhance the reproducibility and reliability of deep learning models, we address a critical gap in current training methodologies: the lack of mechanisms that ensure consistent and robust performance across runs. Our empirical analysis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Waqas Ahmed , Sheeba Samuel , Kevin Coakley , Birgitta Koenig-Ries , Odd Erik Gundersen

Large Language Models (LLMs) agents are increasingly pivotal for addressing complex tasks in interactive environments. Existing work mainly focuses on enhancing performance through behavior cloning from stronger experts, yet such approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Siyu Yuan , Zehui Chen , Zhiheng Xi , Junjie Ye , Zhengyin Du , Jiecao Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant progress in open-ended dialogue, yet their inability to retain and retrieve relevant information from long-term interactions limits their effectiveness in applications requiring sustained…

This study introduces intelligent frameworks that use Large Language Models (LLMs) to improve task scheduling for construction robots. The LLM is fed with key data about the desired task, such as agent action abilities, and the desired end…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Swayamjit Saha , Subhabrata Das , Haonan Duan , Xiao-Yang Liu

Leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) to write policy code for controlling robots has gained significant attention. However, in long-horizon implicative tasks, this approach often results in API parameter, comments and sequencing errors,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Zixi Jia , Hongbin Gao , Fashe Li , Jiqiang Liu , Hexiao Li , Qinghua Liu

Verification-guided self-improvement has recently emerged as a promising approach to improving the accuracy of large language model (LLM) outputs. However, existing approaches face a trade-off between inference efficiency and accuracy:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yuran Li , Di Wu , Benoit Boulet

We introduce a novel framework for automatic behavior tree (BT) construction in heterogeneous multi-robot systems, designed to address the challenges of adaptability and robustness in dynamic environments. Traditional robots are limited by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Chaoran Wang , Jingyuan Sun , Yanhui Zhang , Mingyu Zhang , Changju Wu

Anticipating and adapting to failures is a key capability robots need to collaborate effectively with humans in complex domains. This continues to be a challenge despite the impressive performance of state of the art AI planning systems and…

Large Language Models (LLMs) present a promising frontier in robotic task planning by leveraging extensive human knowledge. Nevertheless, the current literature often overlooks the critical aspects of robots' adaptability and error…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Sthithpragya Gupta , Kunpeng Yao , Loïc Niederhauser , Aude Billard

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across diverse tasks, yet their susceptibility to generating incorrect content during inference remains a critical unsolved challenge. While self-correction methods offer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Jipeng Li , Zeyu Gao , Yubin Qi , Hande Dong , Weijian Chen , Qiang Lin

Generating with citations is crucial for trustworthy Large Language Models (LLMs), yet even advanced LLMs often produce mismatched or irrelevant citations. Existing methods over-optimize citation fidelity while overlooking relevance to the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yixing Peng , Licheng Zhang , Shancheng Fang , Yi Liu , Peijian Gu , Quan Wang

Humans do not just find mistakes after the fact -- we often catch them mid-stream because 'reflection' is tied to the goal and its constraints. Today's large language models produce reasoning tokens and 'reflective' text, but is it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Sion Weatherhead , Flora Salim , Aaron Belbasis

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently emerged as planners for language-instructed agents, generating sequences of actions to accomplish natural language tasks. However, their reliability remains a challenge, especially in long-horizon…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jun Wang , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Yiannis Kantaros

This paper presents INPROVF, an automatic framework that combines large language models (LLMs) and formal methods to speed up the repair process of high-level robot controllers. Previous approaches based solely on formal methods are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Qian Meng , Jin Peng Zhou , Kilian Q. Weinberger , Hadas Kress-Gazit

We explore a method for improving the performance of large language models through self-reflection and reinforcement learning. By incentivizing the model to generate better self-reflections when it answers incorrectly, we demonstrate that a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Shelly Bensal , Umar Jamil , Christopher Bryant , Melisa Russak , Kiran Kamble , Dmytro Mozolevskyi , Muayad Ali , Waseem AlShikh