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There is a generic way to add any new feature to a system. It involves 1) identifying the basic units which build up the system and 2) introducing the new feature to each of these basic units. In the case where the system is argumentation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-03-19 D. M. Gabbay , O. Rodrigues

As machine learning is increasingly used to inform consequential decision-making (e.g., pre-trial bail and loan approval), it becomes important to explain how the system arrived at its decision, and also suggest actions to achieve a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Amir-Hossein Karimi , Bernhard Schölkopf , Isabel Valera

It is said that beauty is in the eye of the beholder. But how exactly can we characterize such discrepancies in interpretation? For example, are there any specific features of an image that makes person A regard an image as beautiful while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-05-23 Philipp Blandfort , Jörn Hees , Desmond U. Patton

Many tasks in statistical and causal inference can be construed as problems of \emph{entailment} in a suitable formal language. We ask whether those problems are more difficult, from a computational perspective, for \emph{causal}…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Milan Mossé , Duligur Ibeling , Thomas Icard

Reasoning requires going beyond pattern matching or memorization of solutions to identify and implement "algorithmic procedures" that can be used to deduce answers to hard problems. Doing so requires realizing the most relevant primitives,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yuxiao Qu , Anikait Singh , Yoonho Lee , Amrith Setlur , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Chelsea Finn , Aviral Kumar

Natural language reasoning plays an increasingly important role in improving language models' ability to solve complex language understanding tasks. An interesting use case for reasoning is the resolution of context-dependent ambiguity. But…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Stefan F. Schouten , Peter Bloem , Ilia Markov , Piek Vossen

We study a natural variant of the implicational fragment of propositional logic. Its formulas are pairs of conjunctions of positive literals, related together by an implicational-like connective; the semantics of this sort of implication is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Albert Atserias , José L. Balcázar , Marie Ely Piceno

Implicit arguments, which cannot be detected solely through syntactic cues, make it harder to extract predicate-argument tuples. We present a new model for implicit argument prediction that draws on reading comprehension, casting the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Pengxiang Cheng , Katrin Erk

We consider multi-agent argumentation, where each agent's view of the arguments is encoded as an argumentation framework (AF). Then we study deliberative processes than can occur on this basis. We think of a deliberative process as taking…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-08-08 Truls Pedersen , Sjur Dyrkolbotn

This paper is a reflexion on the computability of natural language semantics. It does not contain a new model or new results in the formal semantics of natural language: it is rather a computational analysis of the logical models and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-05-16 Richard Moot , Christian Retoré

Event Argument extraction refers to the task of extracting structured information from unstructured text for a particular event of interest. The existing works exhibit poor capabilities to extract causal event arguments like Reason and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Debanjana Kar , Sudeshna Sarkar , Pawan Goyal

Complex adaptive agents consistently achieve their goals by solving problems that seem to require an understanding of causal information, information pertaining to the causal relationships that exist among elements of combined…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Filippo Torresan , Manuel Baltieri

This note is concerned with a formal analysis of the problem of non-monotonic reasoning in intelligent systems, especially when the uncertainty is taken into account in a quantitative way. A firm connection between logic and probability is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-05 Hung-Trung Nguyen

We provide a logical framework in which a resource-bounded agent can be seen to perform approximations of probabilistic reasoning. Our main results read as follows. First we identify the conditions under which propositional probability…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Paolo Baldi , Hykel Hosni

The abductive natural language inference task ($\alpha$NLI) is proposed to evaluate the abductive reasoning ability of a learning system. In the $\alpha$NLI task, two observations are given and the most plausible hypothesis is asked to pick…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Yunchang Zhu , Liang Pang , Yanyan Lan , Xueqi Cheng

The ability to perform causal and counterfactual reasoning are central properties of human intelligence. Decision-making systems that can perform these types of reasoning have the potential to be more generalizable and interpretable.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Daniel McDuff , Yale Song , Jiyoung Lee , Vibhav Vineet , Sai Vemprala , Nicholas Gyde , Hadi Salman , Shuang Ma , Kwanghoon Sohn , Ashish Kapoor

Equilibrium logic is an approach to nonmonotonic reasoning that extends the stable-model and answer-set semantics for logic programs. In particular, it includes the general case of nested logic programs, where arbitrary Boolean combinations…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2009-12-30 David Pearce , Hans Tompits , Stefan Woltran

Knowing the truth is rarely enough -- we also seek out reasons why the fact is true. While much is known about how we explain contingent truths, we understand less about how we explain facts, such as those in mathematics, that are true as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Gülce Kardeş , Simon DeDeo

Pronoun disambiguation in understanding text and discourse often requires the application of both general pragmatic knowledge and context-specific information. In AI and linguistics research, this has mostly been studied in cases where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Ernest Davis

Probability theory, epistemically interpreted, provides an excellent, if not the best available account of inductive reasoning. This is so because there are general and definite rules for the change of subjective probabilities through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-10 Wolfgang Spohn