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Augmenting large language models (LLMs) with auxiliary tokens has emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing model performance. In this work, we introduce a lightweight method termed latent tokens; these are dummy tokens that may be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yuchang Sun , Yanxi Chen , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding

Reliable communication over noisy channels requires the design of specialized error-correcting codes (ECCs) tailored to specific system requirements. Recently, neural network-based decoders have emerged as promising tools for enhancing ECC…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Anastasiia Kurmukova , Selim F. Yilmaz , Emre Ozfatura , Deniz Gunduz

The long-context capability of recent large transformer models can be surmised to rely on techniques such as attention/model parallelism, as well as hardware-level optimizations. While these strategies allow input lengths to scale to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Toufiq Parag , Ahmed Elgammal

Initially introduced as a machine translation model, the Transformer architecture has now become the foundation for modern deep learning architecture, with applications in a wide range of fields, from computer vision to natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Martin Courtois , Malte Ostendorff , Leonhard Hennig , Georg Rehm

With parallelizable attention networks, the neural Transformer is very fast to train. However, due to the auto-regressive architecture and self-attention in the decoder, the decoding procedure becomes slow. To alleviate this issue, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-08 Biao Zhang , Deyi Xiong , Jinsong Su

Recently, it has been argued that encoder-decoder models can be made more interpretable by replacing the softmax function in the attention with its sparse variants. In this work, we introduce a novel, simple method for achieving sparsity in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Biao Zhang , Ivan Titov , Rico Sennrich

This document provides a brief introduction to the attention mechanism used in modern language models based on the Transformer architecture. We first illustrate how text is encoded as vectors and how the attention mechanism processes these…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-02 Michel Fabrice Serret

Polar codes are a new class of capacity-achieving error-correcting codes with low encoding and decoding complexity. Their low-complexity decoding algorithms rendering them attractive for use in software-defined radio applications where…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-07-12 Pascal Giard , Gabi Sarkis , Camille Leroux , Claude Thibeault , Warren J. Gross

Transformer models have achieved state-of-the-art results in a wide range of NLP tasks including summarization. Training and inference using large transformer models can be computationally expensive. Previous work has focused on one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Potsawee Manakul , Mark J. F. Gales

Since the Transformer architecture was introduced in 2017 there has been many attempts to bring the self-attention paradigm in the field of computer vision. In this paper we propose a novel self-attention module that can be easily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Roberto Pecoraro , Valerio Basile , Viviana Bono , Sara Gallo

Nowadays polar codes are becoming one of the most favorable capacity achieving error correction codes for their low encoding and decoding complexity. However, due to the large code length required by practical applications, the few existing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-11-04 Chuan Zhang , Bo Yuan , Keshab K. Parhi

Polar codes have been gaining a lot of interest due to it being the first coding scheme to provably achieve the symmetric capacity of a binary memoryless channel with an explicit construction. However, the main drawback of polar codes is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Heshani Gamage , Vismika Ranasinghe , Nandana Rajatheva , Matti Latva-aho

Transformer architectures are the backbone of the modern AI revolution. However, they are based on simply stacking the same blocks in dozens of layers and processing information sequentially from one block to another. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Prateek Verma , Mert Pilanci

Since their introduction the Trasformer architectures emerged as the dominating architectures for both natural language processing and, more recently, computer vision applications. An intrinsic limitation of this family of "fully-attentive"…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Carmelo Scribano , Giorgia Franchini , Marco Prato , Marko Bertogna

Transformers have achieved great success in machine translation, but transformer-based NMT models often require millions of bilingual parallel corpus for training. In this paper, we propose a novel architecture named as attention link (AL)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Zeping Min

We present PAT, a transformer-based network that learns complex temporal co-occurrence action dependencies in a video by exploiting multi-scale temporal features. In existing methods, the self-attention mechanism in transformers loses the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Faegheh Sardari , Armin Mustafa , Philip J. B. Jackson , Adrian Hilton

Current state-of-the-art machine translation systems are based on encoder-decoder architectures, that first encode the input sequence, and then generate an output sequence based on the input encoding. Both are interfaced with an attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-02 Maha Elbayad , Laurent Besacier , Jakob Verbeek

The large attention-based encoder-decoder network (Transformer) has become prevailing recently due to its effectiveness. But the high computation complexity of its decoder raises the inefficiency issue. By examining the mathematic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Yanyang Li , Ye Lin , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Transformer has been widely-used in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks and the scaled dot-product attention between tokens is a core module of Transformer. This attention is a token-wise design and its complexity is quadratic to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Shuai Zhang , Peng Zhang , Xindian Ma , Junqiu Wei , Ningning Wang , Qun Liu

In this paper, we show that a simple self-supervised pre-trained audio model can achieve comparable inference efficiency to more complicated pre-trained models with speech transformer encoders. These speech transformers rely on mixing…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Sungho Jeon , Ching-Feng Yeh , Hakan Inan , Wei-Ning Hsu , Rashi Rungta , Yashar Mehdad , Daniel Bikel