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Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly collaborate over peer-to-peer networks to improve their reliability. However, these same interactions can also become a source of vulnerability, as unreliable or Byzantine agents may sway…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haejoon Lee , Vincent-Daniel Yun , Hyeonho Oh , Dimitra Panagou , Sai Praneeth Karimireddy

Large language models are increasingly deployed as cooperating agents, yet their behavior in adversarial consensus settings has not been systematically studied. We evaluate LLM-based agents on a Byzantine consensus game over scalar values…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Frédéric Berdoz , Leonardo Rugli , Roger Wattenhofer

In this paper, we study a fully-decentralized multi-agent policy evaluation problem, which is an important sub-problem in cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning, in the presence of up to $f$ faulty agents. In particular, we focus on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Hairi , Minghong Fang , Zifan Zhang , Alvaro Velasquez , Jia Liu

This paper considers the problem of Byzantine fault-tolerance in multi-agent decentralized optimization. In this problem, each agent has a local cost function. The goal of a decentralized optimization algorithm is to allow the agents to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Nirupam Gupta , Thinh T. Doan , Nitin H. Vaidya

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across a wide range of applications. However, individual LLMs often produce inconsistent, biased, or hallucinated outputs due to limitations in their training corpora and model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Haoxiang Luo , Gang Sun , Yinqiu Liu , Dongcheng Zhao , Dusit Niyato , Hongfang Yu , Schahram Dustdar

Ensuring the reliability of agent architectures and effectively identifying problematic agents when failures occur are crucial challenges in multi-agent systems (MAS). Advances in large language models (LLMs) have established LLM-based…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Lifan Zheng , Jiawei Chen , Qinghong Yin , Jingyuan Zhang , Xinyi Zeng , Yu Tian

As large language model (LLM) agents increasingly integrate into our infrastructure, their robust coordination and message synchronization become vital. The Byzantine Generals Problem (BGP) is a critical model for constructing resilient…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Yihuan Mao , Yipeng Kang , Peilun Li , Ning Zhang , Wei Xu , Chongjie Zhang

This paper considers the policy evaluation problem in a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) environment over decentralized and directed networks. The focus is on decentralized temporal difference (TD) learning with linear function…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-01 Zhaoxian Wu , Han Shen , Tianyi Chen , Qing Ling

This paper introduces a deterministic Byzantine consensus algorithm that relies on a new weak coordinator. As opposed to previous algorithms that cannot terminate in the presence of a faulty or slow coordinator, our algorithm can terminate…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-07-26 Tyler Crain , Vincent Gramoli , Mikel Larrea , Michel Raynal

This paper studies the problem of cooperative control of heterogeneous multi-agent systems (MASs) against Byzantine attacks. The agent affected by Byzantine attacks sends different wrong values to all neighbors while applying wrong input…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-28 Xin Gong , Yiwen Liang , Yukang Cui , Shi Liang , Tingwen Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled the emergence of autonomous agents capable of complex reasoning, planning, and interaction. However, coordinating such agents at scale remains a fundamental challenge, particularly in decentralized…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Minfeng Qi , Tianqing Zhu , Lefeng Zhang , Ningran Li , Wanlei Zhou

In Federated Reinforcement Learning (FRL), agents aim to collaboratively learn a common task, while each agent is acting in its local environment without exchanging raw trajectories. Existing approaches for FRL either (a) do not provide any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Philip Jordan , Florian Grötschla , Flint Xiaofeng Fan , Roger Wattenhofer

This paper proposes a new approach that enables multi-agent systems to achieve resilient \textit{constrained} consensus in the presence of Byzantine attacks, in contrast to existing literature that is only applicable to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-19 Xuan Wang , Shaoshuai Mou , Shreyas Sundaram

Blockchain technology offers a decentralized and secure method for storing and authenticating data, rendering it well-suited for various applications such as digital currencies, supply chain management, and voting systems. However, the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Mohammad R. Shakournia , Pooya Jamshidi , Hamid Reza Faragardi , Nasser Yazdani

This paper considers the problem of Byzantine fault tolerance in distributed linear regression in a multi-agent system. However, the proposed algorithms are given for a more general class of distributed optimization problems, of which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Nirupam Gupta , Nitin H. Vaidya

Consensus in decentralized systems that asynchronously receive events and which are subject to Byzantine faults is a common problem with many real-life applications. Advances in decentralized systems, such as distributed ledger (i.e.,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Fedor Muratov , Andrei Lebedev , Nikolai Iushkevich , Bulat Nasrulin , Makoto Takemiya

Blockchain consensus mechanisms have relied on algorithms such as Proof-of-Work (PoW) and Proof-of-Stake (PoS) to ensure network functionality and integrity. However, these approaches struggle with adaptability for decision-making where the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Apurba Pokharel , Ram Dantu , Shakila Zaman , Vinh Quach , Sirisha Talapuru

In this paper, we investigate the problem of decentralized online resource allocation in the presence of Byzantine attacks. In this problem setting, some agents may be compromised due to external manipulations or internal failures, causing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Runhua Wang , Qing Ling , Hoi-To Wai , Zhi Tian

Self-evolving multi-agent systems (MAS) have emerged as a promising route to LLM agents that continually improve from experience, with persistent memory at their foundation. However, existing designs almost exclusively adopt a centralized…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Guangya Hao , Yunbo Long , Zhuokai Zhao

Multi-agent systems driven by large language models (LLMs) have shown promising abilities for solving complex tasks in a collaborative manner. This work considers a fundamental problem in multi-agent collaboration: consensus seeking. When…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Huaben Chen , Wenkang Ji , Lufeng Xu , Shiyu Zhao
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