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An important task in data analysis is the discovery of causal relationships between observed variables. For continuous-valued data, linear acyclic causal models are commonly used to model the data-generating process, and the inference of…

We are interested in verifying dynamic properties of finite state reactive systems under fairness assumptions by model checking. The systems we want to verify are specified through a top-down refinement process. In order to deal with the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-11-10 Samir Chouali , Jacques Julliand , Pierre-Alain Masson , Françoise Bellegarde

This paper considers the problem of invoking auxiliary, unobservable variables to facilitate the structuring of causal tree models for a given set of continuous variables. Paralleling the treatment of bi-valued variables in [Pearl 1986], we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-11 Lei Xu , Judea Pearl

Probabilities of causation are fundamental to individual-level explanation and decision making, yet they are inherently counterfactual and not point-identifiable from data in general. Existing bounds either disregard available covariates,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yuxuan Xie , Ang Li

Two indicators are classically used to evaluate the quality of rule-based classification systems: predictive accuracy, i.e. the system's ability to successfully reproduce learning data and coverage, i.e. the proportion of possible cases for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Nassim Dehouche

The rules of d-separation provide a framework for deriving conditional independence facts from model structure. However, this theory only applies to simple directed graphical models. We introduce relational d-separation, a theory for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-16 Marc Maier , David Jensen

We show that one can perform causal inference in a natural way for continuous-time scenarios using tools from stochastic analysis. This provides new alternatives to the positivity condition for inverse probability weighting. The probability…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-04-23 Kjetil Røysland

We formalize constraint-based structure learning of the "true" causal graph from observed data when unobserved variables are also existent. We provide conditions for a "natural" family of constraint-based structure-learning algorithms that…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-10 Kayvan Sadeghi , Terry Soo

Causal inference studies whether the presence of a variable influences an observed outcome. As measured by quantities such as the "average treatment effect," this paradigm is employed across numerous biological fields, from vaccine and drug…

Identifying the causes of a model's unfairness is an important yet relatively unexplored task. We look into this problem through the lens of training data - the major source of unfairness. We ask the following questions: How would the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yuanshun Yao , Yang Liu

We propose a constraint-based algorithm, which automatically determines causal relevance thresholds, to infer causal networks from data. We call these topological thresholds. We present two methods for determining the threshold: the first…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-24 Filipe Barroso , Diogo Gomes , Gareth J. Baxter

We study the data-driven selection of causal graphical models using constraint-based algorithms, which determine the existence or non-existence of edges (causal connections) in a graph based on testing a series of conditional independence…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-29 Daniel Malinsky

We consider hypothesis testing of binary causal queries using observational data. Since the mapping of causal models to the observational distribution that they induce is not one-to-one, in general, causal queries are often only partially…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-27 Sourbh Bhadane , Joris M. Mooij , Philip Boeken , Onno Zoeter

Certain causal models involving unmeasured variables induce no independence constraints among the observed variables but imply, nevertheless, inequality contraints on the observed distribution. This paper derives a general formula for such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-21 Judea Pearl

We bring forward a logical system of transition algebras that enhances many-sorted first-order logic using features from dynamic logics. The sentences we consider include compositions, unions, and transitive closures of transition…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Hashimoto Go , Daniel Găină , Ionuţ Ţuţu

Conditional specification of distributions is a developing area with increasing applications. In the finite discrete case, a variety of compatible conditions can be derived. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach to study the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-11-03 Indranil Ghosh , Saralees Nadarajah

Bias is pervasive in NLP models, motivating the development of automatic debiasing techniques. Evaluation of NLP debiasing methods has largely been limited to binary attributes in isolation, e.g., debiasing with respect to binary gender or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Shivashankar Subramanian , Xudong Han , Timothy Baldwin , Trevor Cohn , Lea Frermann

This paper concerns the probabilistic evaluation of the effects of actions in the presence of unmeasured variables. We show that the identification of causal effect between a singleton variable X and a set of variables Y can be accomplished…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-21 David Galles , Judea Pearl

Justification logics are modal-like logics that provide a framework for reasoning about justifications. This paper introduces labeled sequent calculi for justification logics, as well as for hybrid modal-justification logics. Using the…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-01-17 Meghdad Ghari

In many applications, there is a need to predict the effect of an intervention on different individuals from data. For example, which customers are persuadable by a product promotion? which patients should be treated with a certain type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Jiuyong Li , Weijia Zhang , Lin Liu , Kui Yu , Thuc Duy Le , Jixue Liu