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A mega-constellation of low-altitude earth orbit (LEO) satellites (SATs) and burgeoning unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are promising enablers for high-speed and long-distance communications in beyond fifth-generation (5G) systems.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Ju-Hyung Lee , Jihong Park , Mehdi Bennis , Young-Chai Ko

The number of artificial satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) is increasing at an exponential rate since 2019. Satellites are visible to both ground and space telescopes, and their bright emission in optical, infrared, and radio-wavelengths…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-28 Alejandro S. Borlaff , Pamela M. Marcum , Steve B. Howell , Pablo M. Sánchez-Alarcón , David Dubois , Jonathan McDowell

The low-altitude economy (LAE) is a new economic paradigm that leverages low-altitude vehicles (LAVs) to perform diverse missions across diverse areas. To support the operations of LAE, it is essential to establish LAE networks that enable…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Shizhao He , Jiacheng Wang , Ying-Chang Liang , Geng Sun , Dusit Niyato

In this paper, we propose scalable distributed beamforming schemes over low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks that rely solely on statistical channel state information for downlink orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems. We…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-28 Yuchen Zhang , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri

This paper investigates joint device identification, channel estimation, and symbol detection for cooperative multi-satellite-enhanced random access, where orthogonal time-frequency space modulation with the large antenna array is utilized…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Boxiao Shen , Yongpeng Wu , Shiqi Gong , Heng Liu , Björn Ottersten , Wenjun Zhang

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is a key enabling technology for sixth-generation (6G) communication systems. Nevertheless, the increase in array aperture and signal bandwidth brings new challenges to wideband…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-23 Qingxia Feng , Yin Fang , Meng Hua , Cheng Zhang , Chunguo Li , Yongming Huang , Luxi Yang

Massive MIMO base stations use multiple spatial diversity branches, which are often assumed to be uncorrelated in theoretical work. Correlated branches are considered seldom since they are mathematically less tractable. For correlated…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-02 Jens Abraham , Pablo Ramirez-Espinosa , Torbjörn Ekman

With the rapid deployments of 5G and 6G networks, accurate modeling of urban radio propagation has become critical for system design and network planning. However, conventional statistical or empirical models fail to fully capture the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-23 Junzhe Song , Ruisi He , Mi Yang , Zhengyu Zhang , Shuaiqi Gao , Xiaoying Zhang , Bo Ai

A realistic performance assessment of any wireless technology requires the use of a channel model that reflects its main characteristics. The independent and identically distributed Rayleigh fading channel model has been (and still is) the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Emil Björnson , Luca Sanguinetti

Networked low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations enabled by inter-satellite links offer a promising path toward ubiquitous broadband non-terrestrial services. However, fast orbital motion induces frequent scheduling updates and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Yuchen Zhang , Eva Lagunas , Symeon Chatzinotas , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri

This paper investigates the maximum achievable downlink spectral efficiency of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations. Spectral efficiency is defined here as the total network sum rate per unit bandwidth per unit area of Earth's…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 Cuneyd Ozturk , Dongning Guo , Randall A. Berry , Michael L. Honig

We study the uplink performance of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) when users are equipped with multiple antennas. To this end, we consider a generalized channel model that accounts for line-of-sight propagation and spatially…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Konstantinos Dovelos , Michail Matthaiou , Hien Quoc Ngo , Boris Bellalta

We present an approach for spatially-consistent semi-deterministic Air-to-Ground (A2G) channel modeling in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-assisted networks. We use efficient 3D building shadow projections to determine Line-of-Sight (LOS) regions,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-20 Evgenii Vinogradov , Aymen Fakhreddine , Abdul Saboor , Sergi Abadal , Sofie Pollin

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite has been considered as a potential supplement for the terrestrial Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, we consider grant-free non-orthogonal random access (GF-NORA) in orthogonal frequency division…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-01 Yong Zuo , Mingyang Yue , Mingchen Zhang , Sixian Li , Shaojie Ni , Xiaojun Yuan

Future wireless networks demand a more accurate understanding of channel behavior to enable efficient communication with reduced interference. Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are poised to play an integral role in these networks, offering…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-07 Mushfiqur Rahman , Ismail Guvenc , Mihail Sichitiu , Jason A. Abrahamson , Bryton J. Petersen , Amitabh Mishra , Arupjyoti Bhuyan

This paper proposes a novel split learning architecture designed to exploit the cyclical movement of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites in non-terrestrial networks (NTNs). Although existing research focuses on offloading tasks to the NTN…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Marc Martinez-Gost , Ana Pérez-Neira

Radio frequency (RF) communications offer reliable but low data rates and energy-inefficient satellite links, while free-space optical (FSO) promises high bandwidth but struggles with disturbances imposed by atmospheric effects. A hybrid…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-24 Mostafa Ibrahim , Arsalan Ahmad , Sabit Ekin , Peter LoPresti , Serhat Altunc , Obadiah Kegege , John F. O'Hara

The emergence of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite mega-constellations is dynamically transforming the space sector. While free-space optical (FSO) links efficiently facilitate intersatellite data forwarding, they suffer from…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Pablo G. Madoery , Juan A. Fraire , Jorge M. Finochietto , Halim Yanikomeroglu , Gunes Karabulut Kurt

With the deployment of satellite constellations, Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices in remote areas have gained access to low-cost network connectivity. In this paper, we investigate the performance of IoT devices connecting in up-link…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Jiusi Zhou , Ruibo Wang , Basem Shihada , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

This paper considers an integrated sensing and communication system, where some radar targets also serve as communication scatterers. A location domain channel modeling method is proposed based on the position of targets and scatterers in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-06 Wenkang Xu , Yongbo Xiao , An Liu , Minjian Zhao