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Byzantine-robust Federated Learning (FL) aims to counter malicious clients and train an accurate global model while maintaining an extremely low attack success rate. Most existing systems, however, are only robust when most of the clients…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Rui Wang , Xingkai Wang , Huanhuan Chen , Jérémie Decouchant , Stjepan Picek , Nikolaos Laoutaris , Kaitai Liang

Federated learning is a newly emerging distributed learning framework that facilitates the collaborative training of a shared global model among distributed participants with their privacy preserved. However, federated learning systems are…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Minghui Li , Wei Wan , Jianrong Lu , Shengshan Hu , Junyu Shi , Leo Yu Zhang , Man Zhou , Yifeng Zheng

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging distributed learning paradigm without sharing participating clients' private data. However, existing works show that FL is vulnerable to both Byzantine (security) attacks and data reconstruction…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Chenfei Nie , Qiang Li , Yuxin Yang , Yuede Ji , Binghui Wang

Federated learning is a novel framework that enables resource-constrained edge devices to jointly learn a model, which solves the problem of data protection and data islands. However, standard federated learning is vulnerable to Byzantine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Kun Zhai , Qiang Ren , Junli Wang , Chungang Yan

Federated Learning (FL) allows collaborative model training across distributed clients without sharing raw data, thus preserving privacy. However, the system remains vulnerable to privacy leakage from gradient updates and Byzantine attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Xian Qin , Xue Yang , Xiaohu Tang

This paper addresses federated learning (FL) in the context of malicious Byzantine attacks and data heterogeneity. We introduce a novel Robust Average Gradient Algorithm (RAGA), which uses the geometric median for aggregation and {allows…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Shiyuan Zuo , Xingrun Yan , Rongfei Fan , Han Hu , Hangguan Shan , Tony Q. S. Quek , Puning Zhao

Federated Learning (FL) represents a promising approach to typical privacy concerns associated with centralized Machine Learning (ML) deployments. Despite its well-known advantages, FL is vulnerable to security attacks such as Byzantine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Enrique Mármol Campos , Aurora González Vidal , José Luis Hernández Ramos , Antonio Skarmeta

Distributed Federated Learning (DFL) enables decentralized model training across large-scale systems without a central parameter server. However, DFL faces three critical challenges: privacy leakage from honest-but-curious neighbors, slow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Nuocheng Yang , Sihua Wang , Zhaohui Yang , Mingzhe Chen , Changchuan Yin , Kaibin Huang

Byzantine-robust federated learning aims at mitigating Byzantine failures during the federated training process, where malicious participants may upload arbitrary local updates to the central server to degrade the performance of the global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Shenghui Li , Edith C. -H. Ngai , Thiemo Voigt

Byzantine attacks present a critical challenge to Federated Learning (FL), where malicious participants can disrupt the training process, degrade model accuracy, and compromise system reliability. Traditional FL frameworks typically rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Yufei Xia , Wenrui Yu , Qiongxiu Li

With the increasing importance of machine learning, the privacy and security of training data have become critical. Federated learning, which stores data in distributed nodes and shares only model parameters, has gained significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Yang Li , Chunhe Xia , Chang Li , Tianbo Wang

\textit{Federated learning} (FL) is a nascent distributed learning paradigm to train a shared global model without violating users' privacy. FL has been shown to be vulnerable to various Byzantine attacks, where malicious participants could…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Wei Wan , Shengshan Hu , Minghui Li , Jianrong Lu , Longling Zhang , Leo Yu Zhang , Hai Jin

Inherent client drifts caused by data heterogeneity, as well as vulnerability to Byzantine attacks within the system, hinder effective model training and convergence in federated learning (FL). This paper presents two new frameworks, named…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Bingnan Xiao , Feng Zhu , Jingjing Zhang , Wei Ni , Xin Wang

In Federated Reinforcement Learning (FRL), agents aim to collaboratively learn a common task, while each agent is acting in its local environment without exchanging raw trajectories. Existing approaches for FRL either (a) do not provide any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Philip Jordan , Florian Grötschla , Flint Xiaofeng Fan , Roger Wattenhofer

Recent attacks on critical infrastructure, including the 2021 Oldsmar water treatment breach and 2023 Danish energy sector compromises, highlight urgent security gaps in Industrial IoT (IIoT) deployments. While Federated Learning (FL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Samaresh Kumar Singh , Joyjit Roy , Martin So

Federated Learning (FL) enables decentralized model training without sharing raw data. However, it remains vulnerable to Byzantine attacks, which can compromise the aggregation of locally updated parameters at the central server.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Shiyuan Zuo , Rongfei Fan , Cheng Zhan , Jie Xu , Puning Zhao , Han Hu

Federated Learning (FL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively train models without sharing raw data, but is vulnerable to Byzantine attacks and data heterogeneity, which can severely degrade performance. Existing Byzantine-robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Shiyuan Zuo , Xingrun Yan , Rongfei Fan , Li Shen , Puning Zhao , Jie Xu , Han Hu

In this paper, we investigate the problem of distributed learning (DL) in the presence of Byzantine attacks. For this problem, various robust bounded aggregation (RBA) rules have been proposed at the central server to mitigate the impact of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Chengxi Li , Ming Xiao , Mikael Skoglund

Federated Learning (FL) allows multiple clients to collaboratively train a model without sharing their private data. However, FL is vulnerable to Byzantine attacks, where adversaries manipulate client models to compromise the federated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Baolei Zhang , Minghong Fang , Zhuqing Liu , Biao Yi , Peizhao Zhou , Yuan Wang , Tong Li , Zheli Liu

In this paper, we propose a robust aggregation method for federated learning (FL) that can effectively tackle malicious Byzantine attacks. At each user, model parameter is firstly updated by multiple steps, which is adjustable over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Shiyuan Zuo , Rongfei Fan , Han Hu , Ning Zhang , Shimin Gong