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We study operations of a battery energy storage system under a baseline-based demand response (DR) program with an uncertain schedule of DR events. Baseline-based DR programs may provide undesired incentives to inflate baseline consumption…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-30 Douglas Ellman , Yuanzhang Xiao

The presence of variable renewable energy resources with uncertain outputs in day-ahead electricity markets results in additional balancing needs in real-time. Addressing those needs cost-effectively and reliably within a competitive market…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-23 Elina Spyrou , Qiwei Zhang , Robin B. Hytowitz , Ben F. Hobbs , Siddharth Tyagi , Mengmeng Cai , Michael Blonsky

This paper develops a risk-aware net demand forecasting product for virtual power plants, which helps reduce the risk of high operation costs. At the training phase, a bilevel program for parameter estimation is formulated, where the upper…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-18 Yufan Zhang , Jiajun Han , Yuanyuan Shi

This work proposes an uncertainty-informed bid adjustment framework for integrating variable renewable energy sources (VRES) into electricity markets. This framework adopts a bilevel model to compute the optimal VRES day-ahead bids. It aims…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-08 Dongwei Zhao , Vladimir Dvorkin , Stefanos Delikaraoglou , Alberto J. Lamadrid L. , Audun Botterud

The increasing penetration of renewable energy necessitates improved power system flexibility, driving the deployment of independent energy storage operators (ESOs). Existing research extensively investigates capacity sizing for price-taker…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-05-19 Lizhong Zhang , Junqi Liu , Jianxiao Wang , Lei Zhu

This paper proposes a hybrid approach to optimal day-ahead pricing for demand response management. At the customer-side, compared with the existing work, a detailed, comprehensive and complete energy management system, which includes all…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-10-29 Fan-Lin Meng , Xiao-Jun Zeng

This work explores controllability and the control effort required for lithium-ion batteries. Battery packs have become a critical technology in both personal and professional applications as a means to store large amounts of energy.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-14 Preston T. Abadie , Donald J. Docimo

A two-stage multi-period mixed-integer linear stochastic programming model is proposed to assist qualified operators in long-term generation and transmission expansion planning of electricity and gas systems to meet policy objectives. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-22 Giovanni Micheli , Maria Teresa Vespucci , Alessia Cortazzi , Cinzia Puglisi

In the context of transition towards cleaner and sustainable energy production, microgrids have become an effective way for tackling environmental pollution and energy crisis issues. With the increasing penetration of renewables, how to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-03 Yang Li , Kang Li , Zhen Yang , Yang Yu , Runnan Xu , Miaosen Yang

Bilevel programs with spatial price equilibrium constraints are strategic models that consider a price competition at the lower level. These models find application in facility location-price models, optimal bidding in power networks, and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-25 Akshit Goyal , Jean-Philippe P. Richard

The participation of renewable, energy storage, and resources with limited fuel inventory in electricity markets has created the need for optimal scheduling and pricing across multiple market intervals for resources with intertemporal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-08 Jinye Zhao , Tongxin Zheng , Eugene Litvinov

This paper presents a scenario based robust optimization framework for short term energy scheduling in electricity intensive industrial plants, explicitly addressing uncertainty in planning decisions. The model is formulated as a two-stage…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-02 Sebastián Rojas-Innocenti , Enrique Baeyens , Alejandro Martín-Crespo , Sergio Saludes-Rodil , Fernando Frechoso Escudero

Quantity and price risks are key uncertainties market participants face in electricity markets with increased volatility, for instance, due to high shares of renewables. From day ahead until real-time, there is a large variation in the best…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-21 Paul E. Seifert , Emil Kraft , Steffen Bakker , Stein-Erik Fleten

Regulators and utilities have been exploring hourly retail electricity pricing, with several existing programs providing day-ahead hourly pricing schedules. At the same time, customers are deploying distributed energy resources and smart…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-11 Phillippe K. Phanivong , Duncan S. Callaway

Distributed renewable resources owned by prosumers can be an effective way of fortifying grid resilience and enhancing sustainability. However, prosumers serve their own interests and their objectives are unlikely to align with that of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-30 Yihsu Chen , Andrew L. Liu , Makoto Tanaka , Ryuta Takashima

Battery energy storage is an essential component of a microgrid. The working temperature of the battery is an important factor as a high-temperature condition generally increases losses, reduces useful life, and can even lead to fire…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-24 Anshuman Singh , Wang Peng , Hung D. Nguyen

Since the 1990s, widespread introduction of central (wholesale) electricity markets has been seen across multiple continents, driven by the search for efficient operation of the power grid through competition. The increase of renewables has…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-15 Pål Forr Austnes , Matthieu Jacobs , Lu Wang , Mario Paolone

This paper evaluates market equilibrium under different pricing mechanisms in a two-settlement 100%-renewables electricity market. Given general probability distributions of renewable energy, we establish game-theoretical models to analyze…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-23 Dongwei Zhao , Audun Botterud , Marija Ilic

Future vehicles are expected to be able to exploit increasingly the connected driving environment for efficient, comfortable, and safe driving. Given relatively slow dynamics associated with the state of charge and temperature response in…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-09-27 Mohammad Reza Amini , Jing Sun , Ilya Kolmanovsky

Fixed pickup and delivery times can strongly limit the performance of freight transportation. Against this backdrop, fleet operators can use compensation mechanisms such as monetary incentives to buy delay time from their customers, in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-28 Canqi Yao , Shibo Chen , Mauro Salazar , Zaiyue Yang