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Large Language Models (LLMs) have rapidly become integral to numerous applications in critical domains where reliability is paramount. Despite significant advances in safety frameworks and guardrails, current protective measures exhibit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Bibek Upadhayay , Vahid Behzadan , Ph. D

As large language models (LLMs) become deeply embedded in daily life, the urgent need for safer moderation systems that distinguish between naive and harmful requests while upholding appropriate censorship boundaries has never been greater.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Naseem Machlovi , Maryam Saleki , Ruhul Amin , Mohamed Rahouti , Shawqi Al-Maliki , Junaid Qadir , Mohamed M. Abdallah , Ala Al-Fuqaha

Guardrail, an emerging mechanism designed to ensure that large language models (LLMs) align with human values by moderating harmful or toxic responses, requires a sociotechnical approach in their design. This paper addresses a critical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Jinwei Hu , Yi Dong , Xiaowei Huang

The trend towards large language models (LLMs) for guardrailing against undesired behaviors is increasing and has shown promise for censoring user inputs. However, increased latency, memory consumption, hosting expenses and non-structured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 James O' Neill , Santhosh Subramanian , Eric Lin , Vaikkunth Mugunthan

Large language models (LLMs) now mediate many web-based mental-health, crisis, and other emotionally sensitive services, yet their psychosocial safety in these settings remains poorly understood and weakly evaluated. We present DialogGuard,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Han Luo , Guy Laban

In many practical LLM deployments, a single guardrail is used for both prompt and response moderation. Prompt moderation operates on fully observed text, whereas streaming response moderation requires safety decisions to be made over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Pride Kavumba , Koki Wataoka , Huy H. Nguyen , Jiaxuan Li , Masaya Ohagi

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in cross-linguistic contexts, ensuring safety in diverse regulatory and cultural environments has become a critical challenge. However, existing multilingual benchmarks largely rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Yunhan Zhao , Zhaorun Chen , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang , Bo Li

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has led to a new era marked by the development of autonomous applications in real-world scenarios, which drives innovation in creating advanced web agents. Existing web agents typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Hongliang He , Wenlin Yao , Kaixin Ma , Wenhao Yu , Yong Dai , Hongming Zhang , Zhenzhong Lan , Dong Yu

Web agents require massive trajectories to generalize, yet real-world training is constrained by network latency, rate limits, and safety risks. We introduce \textbf{WebWorld} series, the first open-web simulator trained at scale. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zikai Xiao , Jianhong Tu , Chuhang Zou , Yuxin Zuo , Zhi Li , Peng Wang , Bowen Yu , Fei Huang , Junyang Lin , Zuozhu Liu

With the widespread deployment of Computer-using Agents (CUAs) in complex real-world environments, prevalent long-term risks often lead to severe and irreversible consequences. Most existing guardrails for CUAs adopt a reactive approach,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yurun Chen , Zeyi Liao , Ping Yin , Taotao Xie , Keting Yin , Shengyu Zhang

In the burgeoning field of Large Language Models (LLMs), developing a robust safety mechanism, colloquially known as "safeguards" or "guardrails", has become imperative to ensure the ethical use of LLMs within prescribed boundaries. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Yi Dong , Ronghui Mu , Yanghao Zhang , Siqi Sun , Tianle Zhang , Changshun Wu , Gaojie Jin , Yi Qi , Jinwei Hu , Jie Meng , Saddek Bensalem , Xiaowei Huang

With the growing deployment of large language models (LLMs) in real-world applications, establishing robust safety guardrails to moderate their inputs and outputs has become essential to ensure adherence to safety policies. Current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Minseok Choi , Dongjin Kim , Seungbin Yang , Subin Kim , Youngjun Kwak , Juyoung Oh , Jaegul Choo , Jungmin Son

The AI era has ushered in Large Language Models (LLM) to the technological forefront, which has been much of the talk in 2023, and is likely to remain as such for many years to come. LLMs are the AI models that are the power house behind…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Anjanava Biswas , Wrick Talukdar

Achieving robust safety alignment in large language models (LLMs) while preserving their utility remains a fundamental challenge. Existing approaches often struggle to balance comprehensive safety with fine-grained controllability at the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Huizhen Shu , Xuying Li , Zhuo Li

This paper introduces LlavaGuard, a suite of VLM-based vision safeguards that address the critical need for reliable guardrails in the era of large-scale data and models. To this end, we establish a novel open framework, describing a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Lukas Helff , Felix Friedrich , Manuel Brack , Kristian Kersting , Patrick Schramowski

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has increased the need for guardrail models to ensure responsible use, particularly in detecting unsafe and illegal content. While substantial safety data exist in English, multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Yihe Deng , Yu Yang , Junkai Zhang , Wei Wang , Bo Li

We present SGuard-v1, a lightweight safety guardrail for Large Language Models (LLMs), which comprises two specialized models to detect harmful content and screen adversarial prompts in human-AI conversational settings. The first component,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 JoonHo Lee , HyeonMin Cho , Jaewoong Yun , Hyunjae Lee , JunKyu Lee , Juree Seok

The integration of tool use into large language models (LLMs) enables agentic systems with real-world impact. In the meantime, unlike standalone LLMs, compromised agents can execute malicious workflows with more consequential impact,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Jizhou Chen , Samuel Lee Cong

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly sophisticated, leading to widespread deployment in sensitive applications where safety and reliability are paramount. However, LLMs have inherent risks accompanying them, including bias,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Suriya Ganesh Ayyamperumal , Limin Ge

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as agentic systems that plan, memorize, and act in open-world environments. This shift brings new security problems: failures are no longer only unsafe text generation, but can become…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhihang Deng , Jiaping Gui , Weinan Zhang