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How do vision transformers (ViTs) represent and process the world? This paper addresses this long-standing question through the first systematic analysis of 6.6K features across all layers, extracted via sparse autoencoders, and by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jinyeong Kim , Junhyeok Kim , Yumin Shim , Joohyeok Kim , Sunyoung Jung , Seong Jae Hwang

We present ProtoViT, a method for interpretable image classification combining deep learning and case-based reasoning. This method classifies an image by comparing it to a set of learned prototypes, providing explanations of the form ``this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Chiyu Ma , Jon Donnelly , Wenjun Liu , Soroush Vosoughi , Cynthia Rudin , Chaofan Chen

Training robust deep learning models for down-stream tasks is a critical challenge. Research has shown that down-stream models can be easily fooled with adversarial inputs that look like the training data, but slightly perturbed, in a way…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Mahmoud Hossam , Trung Le , He Zhao , Dinh Phung

Vision transformers (ViTs) have demonstrated impressive performance on a series of computer vision tasks, yet they still suffer from adversarial examples. % crafted in a similar fashion as CNNs. In this paper, we posit that adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Zhipeng Wei , Jingjing Chen , Micah Goldblum , Zuxuan Wu , Tom Goldstein , Yu-Gang Jiang

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across a wide range of multimodal tasks. However, their integration of visual inputs introduces expanded attack surfaces, thereby exposing them to novel security…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Juan Ren , Mark Dras , Usman Naseem

Vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly deployed as trusted authorities -- fact-checking images on social media, comparing products, and moderating content. Users implicitly trust that these systems perceive the same visual content…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Jie Zhang , Pura Peetathawatchai , Florian Tramèr , Avital Shafran

Adversarial attacks are a type of attack on machine learning models where an attacker deliberately modifies the inputs to cause the model to make incorrect predictions. Adversarial attacks can have serious consequences, particularly in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Prathyusha Devabhakthini , Sasmita Parida , Raj Mani Shukla , Suvendu Chandan Nayak , Tapadhir Das

Deep neural networks (DNNs) can be easily fooled by adding human imperceptible perturbations to the images. These perturbed images are known as `adversarial examples' and pose a serious threat to security and safety critical systems. A…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-27 Muzammal Naseer , Salman H. Khan , Shafin Rahman , Fatih Porikli

Due to great success of transformers in many applications such as natural language processing and computer vision, transformers have been successfully applied in automatic modulation classification. We have shown that transformer-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Lu Zhang , Sangarapillai Lambotharan , Gan Zheng , Guisheng Liao , Basil AsSadhan , Fabio Roli

The widespread adoption of Vision Transformers (ViTs) elevates supply-chain risk on third-party model hubs, where an adversary can implant backdoors into released checkpoints. Existing ViT backdoor attacks largely rely on poisoned-data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xiaozuo Shen , Yifei Cai , Rui Ning , Chunsheng Xin , Hongyi Wu

Law enforcement and city safety are significantly impacted by detecting violent incidents in surveillance systems. Although modern (smart) cameras are widely available and affordable, such technological solutions are impotent in most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Sanskar Singh , Shivaibhav Dewangan , Ghanta Sai Krishna , Vandit Tyagi , Sainath Reddy , Prathistith Raj Medi

While neural machine translation (NMT) models achieve success in our daily lives, they show vulnerability to adversarial attacks. Despite being harmful, these attacks also offer benefits for interpreting and enhancing NMT models, thus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Yanni Xue , Haojie Hao , Jiakai Wang , Qiang Sheng , Renshuai Tao , Yu Liang , Pu Feng , Xianglong Liu

The increasing deployment of AI models in critical applications has exposed them to significant risks from adversarial attacks. While adversarial vulnerabilities in 2D vision models have been extensively studied, the threat landscape for 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Tommy Nguyen , Mehmet Ergezer , Christian Green

These days, deep learning models have achieved great success in multiple fields, from autonomous driving to medical diagnosis. These models have expanded the abilities of artificial intelligence by offering great solutions to complex…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Gopichandh Golla

We introduce a new type of indirect, cross-modal injection attacks against visual language models that enable creation of self-interpreting images. These images contain hidden "meta-instructions" that control how models answer users'…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Tingwei Zhang , Collin Zhang , John X. Morris , Eugene Bagdasarian , Vitaly Shmatikov

The emergence of vision transformers (ViTs) in image classification has shifted the methodologies for visual representation learning. In particular, ViTs learn visual representation at full receptive field per layer across all the image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Li Zhang , Jiachen Lu , Sixiao Zheng , Xinxuan Zhao , Xiatian Zhu , Yanwei Fu , Tao Xiang , Jianfeng Feng , Philip H. S. Torr

Botnet detection based on machine learning have witnessed significant leaps in recent years, with the availability of large and reliable datasets that are extracted from real-life scenarios. Consequently, adversarial attacks on machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Mohammed M. Alani , Atefeh Mashatan , Ali Miri

Vision-based perception modules are increasingly deployed in many applications, especially autonomous vehicles and intelligent robots. These modules are being used to acquire information about the surroundings and identify obstacles. Hence,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Amira Guesmi , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Muhammad Shafique

The ability of deep neural networks (DNNs) come from extracting and interpreting features from the data provided. By exploiting intermediate features in DNNs instead of relying on hard labels, we craft adversarial perturbation that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Shangbo Wu , Yu-an Tan , Ruinan Ma , Wencong Ma , Dehua Zhu , Yuanzhang Li

Vision transformers (ViTs) have demonstrated impressive performance in various computer vision tasks. However, the adversarial examples generated by ViTs are challenging to transfer to other networks with different structures. Recent attack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Huipeng Zhou , Yu-an Tan , Yajie Wang , Haoran Lyu , Shangbo Wu , Yuanzhang Li
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