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While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enables large language models (LLMs) to generate contextually grounded responses, contextual faithfulness remains challenging as LLMs may not consistently trust provided context, leading to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yongchao Long , Xian Wu , Yingying Zhang , Xianbin Wen , Yuxi Zhou , Shenda Hong

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit logically inconsistent hallucinations that appear coherent yet violate reasoning principles, with recent research suggesting an inverse relationship between causal reasoning capabilities and such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yuangang Li , Yiqing Shen , Yi Nian , Jiechao Gao , Ziyi Wang , Chenxiao Yu , Shawn Li , Jie Wang , Xiyang Hu , Yue Zhao

Recent decoding methods improve the factuality of large language models (LLMs) by refining how the next token is selected during generation. These methods typically operate at the token level, leveraging internal representations to suppress…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Hongxiang Zhang , Hao Chen , Muhao Chen , Tianyi Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing (NLP) tasks, but they suffer from hallucination, generating plausible yet factually incorrect content. This issue extends to Video-Language Models (VideoLLMs), where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Ahmad Khalil , Mahmoud Khalil , Alioune Ngom

Although large language models (LLMs) perform well in general tasks, domain-specific applications suffer from hallucinations and accuracy limitations. Continual Pre-Training (CPT) approaches encounter two key issues: (1) domain-biased data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Jingxue Chen , Qingkun Tang , Qianchun Lu , Siyuan Fang

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have advanced considerably, intertwining visual recognition and language understanding to generate content that is not only coherent but also contextually attuned. Despite their success, LVLMs still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Sicong Leng , Hang Zhang , Guanzheng Chen , Xin Li , Shijian Lu , Chunyan Miao , Lidong Bing

Due to the unidirectional masking mechanism, Decoder-Only models propagate information from left to right. LVLMs (Large Vision-Language Models) follow the same architecture, with visual information gradually integrated into semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Jianfei Zhao , Feng Zhang , Xin Sun , Chong Feng

Large-scale multilingual machine translation systems have demonstrated remarkable ability to translate directly between numerous languages, making them increasingly appealing for real-world applications. However, when deployed in the wild,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Nuno M. Guerreiro , Duarte Alves , Jonas Waldendorf , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch , Pierre Colombo , André F. T. Martins

Vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements, capitalizing on the impressive capabilities of large language models (LLMs) across diverse tasks. Despite this, a critical challenge known as hallucination occurs when…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Chao Wang , Weiwei Fu , Yang Zhou

The development of Reasoning Large Language Models (RLLMs) has significantly improved multi-step reasoning capabilities, but it has also made hallucination problems more frequent and harder to eliminate. While existing approaches mitigate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Haolang Lu , Yilian Liu , Jingxin Xu , Guoshun Nan , Yuanlong Yu , Zhican Chen , Kun Wang

Hallucinations in vision-language models (VLMs) hinder reliability and real-world applicability, usually stemming from distribution shifts between pretraining data and test samples. Existing solutions, such as retraining or fine-tuning on…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Fei Zhao , Chengcui Zhang , Runlin Zhang , Tianyang Wang , Xi Li

Despite significant advancements in Vision-Language Models (VLMs), the performance of existing VLMs remains hindered by object hallucination, a critical challenge to achieving accurate visual understanding. To address this issue, we propose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Woohyeon Park , Woojin Kim , Jaeik Kim , Jaeyoung Do

Despite recent advances in Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs), these models still suffer from generating hallucinatory responses that do not align with the visual input provided. To mitigate such hallucinations, we introduce Efficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Laura Fieback , Nishilkumar Balar , Jakob Spiegelberg , Hanno Gottschalk

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly important in natural language processing, enabling advanced data analytics through natural language queries. However, these models often generate "hallucinations"-inaccurate or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Mikhail Rumiantsau , Aliaksei Vertsel , Ilya Hrytsuk , Isaiah Ballah

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced machine translation but remain vulnerable to hallucinations. Unfortunately, existing MT benchmarks are not capable of exposing failures in multilingual LLMs. To disclose hallucination in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Xinwei Wu , Heng Liu , Jiang Zhou , Xiaohu Zhao , Linlong Xu , Longyue Wang , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) deliver detailed responses on vision-language tasks, yet remain susceptible to object hallucination (introducing objects not present in the image), undermining reliability in practice. Prior efforts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Shiwei Tan , Hengyi Wang , Weiyi Qin , Qi Xu , Zhigang Hua , Hao Wang

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive multilingual capability, but their performance varies substantially across different languages. In this work, we introduce a simple yet effective method, called cross-lingual-thought…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Haoyang Huang , Tianyi Tang , Dongdong Zhang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ting Song , Yan Xia , Furu Wei

Cross-language pre-trained models such as multilingual BERT (mBERT) have achieved significant performance in various cross-lingual downstream NLP tasks. This paper proposes a multi-level contrastive learning (ML-CTL) framework to further…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Beiduo Chen , Wu Guo , Bin Gu , Quan Liu , Yongchao Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are promising tools for supporting security management tasks, such as incident response planning. However, their unreliability and tendency to hallucinate remain significant challenges. In this paper, we address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Kim Hammar , Tansu Alpcan , Emil Lupu

Despite their impressive capabilities, large language models (LLMs) are prone to hallucinations, i.e., generating content that deviates from facts seen during pretraining. We propose a simple decoding strategy for reducing hallucinations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Yung-Sung Chuang , Yujia Xie , Hongyin Luo , Yoon Kim , James Glass , Pengcheng He