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This paper examines the efficacy of utilizing large language models (LLMs) to detect public threats posted online. Amid rising concerns over the spread of threatening rhetoric and advance notices of violence, automated content analysis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Taeksoo Kwon , Connor Kim

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has garnered significant popularity and wielded immense power across various domains within Natural Language Processing (NLP). While their capabilities are undeniably impressive, it is crucial to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Sara Abdali , Jia He , CJ Barberan , Richard Anarfi

Jailbreak attacks reveal critical vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) by causing them to generate harmful or unethical content. Evaluating these threats is particularly challenging due to the evolving nature of LLMs and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Peiyan Zhang , Haibo Jin , Liying Kang , Haohan Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are swiftly advancing in architecture and capability, and as they integrate more deeply into complex systems, the urgency to scrutinize their security properties grows. This paper surveys research in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Erfan Shayegani , Md Abdullah Al Mamun , Yu Fu , Pedram Zaree , Yue Dong , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh

Large language models and AI chatbots have been at the forefront of democratizing artificial intelligence. However, the releases of ChatGPT and other similar tools have been followed by growing concerns regarding the difficulty of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Sippo Rossi , Alisia Marianne Michel , Raghava Rao Mukkamala , Jason Bennett Thatcher

Pretrained neural language models (LMs) are prone to generating racist, sexist, or otherwise toxic language which hinders their safe deployment. We investigate the extent to which pretrained LMs can be prompted to generate toxic language,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Samuel Gehman , Suchin Gururangan , Maarten Sap , Yejin Choi , Noah A. Smith

Due to perceptions of efficiency and significant productivity gains, various organisations, including in education, are adopting Large Language Models (LLMs) into their workflows. Educator-facing, learner-facing, and institution-facing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Farzana Zahid , Anjalika Sewwandi , Lee Brandon , Vimal Kumar , Roopak Sinha

The wide-ranging applications of large language models (LLMs), especially in safety-critical domains, necessitate the proper evaluation of the LLM's adversarial robustness. This paper proposes an efficient tool to audit the LLM's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Xilie Xu , Keyi Kong , Ning Liu , Lizhen Cui , Di Wang , Jingfeng Zhang , Mohan Kankanhalli

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become integral to automated code analysis, enabling tasks such as vulnerability detection and code comprehension. However, their integration introduces novel attack surfaces. In this paper, we identify and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Yue Li , Xiao Li , Hao Wu , Yue Zhang , Fengyuan Xu , Xiuzhen Cheng , Sheng Zhong

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely deployed in applications that accept user-submitted content, such as uploaded documents or pasted text, for tasks like summarization and question answering. In this paper, we identify a new class of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Zhuotao Lian , Weiyu Wang , Qingkui Zeng , Toru Nakanishi , Teruaki Kitasuka , Chunhua Su

Most traditional AI safety research has approached AI models as machines and centered on algorithm-focused attacks developed by security experts. As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly common and competent, non-expert users can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Yi Zeng , Hongpeng Lin , Jingwen Zhang , Diyi Yang , Ruoxi Jia , Weiyan Shi

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT and Llama2 are increasingly adopted in many safety-critical applications. Their security is thus essential. Even with considerable efforts spent on reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF),…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Wei Zhao , Zhe Li , Jun Sun

Safety is a paramount concern for large language models (LLMs) in open deployment, motivating the development of safeguard methods that enforce ethical and responsible use through safety alignment or guardrail mechanisms. Jailbreak attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Qingzhao Zhang , Ziyang Xiong , Z. Morley Mao

The capability of generating high-quality source code using large language models (LLMs) reduces software development time and costs. However, they often introduce security vulnerabilities due to training on insecure open-source data. This…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Mahmoud Nazzal , Issa Khalil , Abdallah Khreishah , NhatHai Phan

Interactions with online Large Language Models raise privacy issues where providers can gather sensitive information about users and their companies from the prompts. While textual prompts can be sanitized using Differential Privacy, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Robin Carpentier , Benjamin Zi Hao Zhao , Hassan Jameel Asghar , Dali Kaafar

This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically GPT-4, in the field of instructional design. With a focus on scaling evidence-based instructional design expertise, our research aims…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Gautam Yadav

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely explored in educational scenarios. We identify a critical vulnerability in current educational LLMs, pedagogical jailbreaks, where students use answer-inducing prompts to elicit solutions rather…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Sihang Zhao , Kangrui Yu , Youliang Yuan , Pinjia He , Hongyi Wen

Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown exceptional language generation capabilities in response to text-based prompts. However, controlling the direction of generation via textual prompts has been challenging, especially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Rohan Deepak Ajwani , Zining Zhu , Jonathan Rose , Frank Rudzicz

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive capabilities in comprehending complex instructions. However, their blind adherence to provided instructions has led to concerns regarding risks of malicious use. Existing defence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-25 David Glukhov , Ilia Shumailov , Yarin Gal , Nicolas Papernot , Vardan Papyan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming a prominent generative AI tool, where the user enters a query and the LLM generates an answer. To reduce harm and misuse, efforts have been made to align these LLMs to human values using advanced…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Xiaomeng Hu , Pin-Yu Chen , Tsung-Yi Ho
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