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Scaling EEG foundation models requires pooling data across heterogeneous electrode montages, a prerequisite both for larger pretraining corpora and for downstream deployment. We present the first systematic comparison of four channel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Kuntal Kokate , Bruno Aristimunha , Dung Truong , Arnaud Delorme

In this study, a novel open-source brain-computer interface (BCI) platform was developed to decode scalp electroencephalography (EEG) signals associated with sustained attention. The EEG signal collection was conducted using a wireless…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-08 Maryam Norouzi , Mohammad Zaeri Amirani , Yalda Shahriari , Reza Abiri

The present study introduces an innovative approach to the synthesis of Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals by integrating diffusion models with reinforcement learning. This integration addresses key challenges associated with traditional…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-02 Yang An , Yuhao Tong , Weikai Wang , Steven W. Su

This paper presents a novel single-channel decomposition approach to facilitate the decomposition of electroencephalography (EEG) signals recorded with limited channels. Our model posits that an EEG signal comprises short, shift-invariant…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-15 Hiroshi Higashi

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. This disease requires reliable and efficient seizure detection methods. Electroencephalography (EEG) is the gold standard for seizure monitoring, but its manual analysis is a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-17 Annika Stiehl , Nicolas Weeger , Christian Uhl , Dominic Bechtold , Nicole Ille , Stefan Geißelsöder

With the recent success of artificial intelligence in neuroscience, a number of deep learning (DL) models were proposed for classification, anomaly detection, and pattern recognition tasks in electroencephalography (EEG). EEG is a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-05 Giulia Cisotto , Alberto Zancanaro , Italo F. Zoppis , Sara L. Manzoni

Foundation models for time series are emerging as powerful general-purpose backbones, yet their potential for domain-specific biomedical signals such as electroencephalography (EEG) remains rather unexplored. In this work, we investigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Théo Gnassounou , Yessin Moakher , Shifeng Xie , Vasilii Feofanov , Ievgen Redko

With stereoscopic displays, a depth sensation that is too strong could impede visual comfort and result in fatigue or pain. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a technology which records brain activity. We used it to develop a novel…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2015-05-29 Jérémy Frey , Aurélien Appriou , Fabien Lotte , Martin Hachet

In conventional machine learning (ML) approaches applied to electroencephalography (EEG), this is often a limited focus, isolating specific brain activities occurring across disparate temporal scales (from transient spikes in milliseconds…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-02-06 Jonathan W. Kim , Ahmed Alaa , Danilo Bernardo

Electroencephalography (EEG) foundation models (EFMs) have shown strong potential for transferable representation learning, yet their adaptation in realistic settings remains challenging when only a few labeled subjects are available. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jingying Ma , Feng Wu , Yucheng Xing , Qika Lin , Tianyu Liu , Chenyu Liu , Ziyu Jia , Mengling Feng

Electroencephalography (EEG) decoding requires models that can effectively extract and integrate complex temporal, spectral, and spatial features from multichannel signals. To address this challenge, we propose a lightweight and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Haodong Zhang , Jiapeng Zhu , Yitong Chen , Hongqi Li

Effectively learning the temporal dynamics in electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is challenging yet essential for decoding brain activities using brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Although Transformers are popular for their long-term…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-30 Yi Ding , Yong Li , Hao Sun , Rui Liu , Chengxuan Tong , Chenyu Liu , Xinliang Zhou , Cuntai Guan

Electroencephalography (EEG) is an integral tool in neurocognitive research worldwide. However, research grade EEG (32/64ch) systems are expensive and have cumbersome setup designed for clinical usage not suited for rugged environment of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-09-27 Manvi Jain , C. M. Markan

Accurate interpretation of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is crucial for diagnosing cardiovascular diseases. Recent multimodal approaches that integrate ECGs with accompanying clinical reports show strong potential, but they still face two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Ziwei Niu , Hao Sun , Shujun Bian , Xihong Yang , Lanfen Lin , Yuxin Liu , Yueming Jin

Visual decoding from electroencephalography (EEG) has emerged as a highly promising avenue for non-invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Existing EEG-based decoding methods predominantly align brain signals with the final-layer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jingyi Tang , Shuai Jiang , Fei Su , Zhicheng Zhao

Electroencephalography foundation models (EEG-FMs) have advanced brain signal analysis, but the lack of standardized evaluation benchmarks impedes model comparison and scientific progress. Current evaluations rely on inconsistent protocols…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-16 Wei Xiong , Jiangtong Li , Jie Li , Kun Zhu , Changjun Jiang

Deciphering the intricacies of the human brain has captivated curiosity for centuries. Recent strides in Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technology, particularly using motor imagery, have restored motor functions such as reaching, grasping,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Hanwen Liu , Daniel Hajialigol , Benny Antony , Aiguo Han , Xuan Wang

Drowsiness state of a driver is a topic of extensive discussion due to its significant role in causing traffic accidents. This research presents a novel approach that combines Fuzzy Common Spatial Patterns (CSP) optimised Phase Cohesive…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-04 Vivek Singh , Tharun Kumar Reddy

Epileptic seizure activity shows complicated dynamics in both space and time. To understand the evolution and propagation of seizures spatially extended sets of data need to be analysed. We have previously described an efficient filtering…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-15 Gerald K Cooray , Richard Rosch , Torsten Baldeweg , Louis Lemieux , Karl Friston , Biswa Sengupta

Robust decoding and classification of brain patterns measured with electroencephalography (EEG) remains a major challenge for real-world (i.e. outside scientific lab and medical facilities) brain-computer interface (BCI) applications due to…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-03 Paul Barbaste , Olivier Oullier , Xavier Vasques