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Backdoor unalignment attacks against Large Language Models (LLMs) enable the stealthy compromise of safety alignment using a hidden trigger while evading normal safety auditing. These attacks pose significant threats to the applications of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Biao Yi , Tiansheng Huang , Sishuo Chen , Tong Li , Zheli Liu , Zhixuan Chu , Yiming Li

Speech data has rich acoustic and paralinguistic information with important cues for understanding a speaker's tone, emotion, and intent, yet traditional large language models such as BERT do not incorporate this information. There has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Fatema Hasan , Yulong Li , James Foulds , Shimei Pan , Bishwaranjan Bhattacharjee

The goal of audio captioning is to translate input audio into its description using natural language. One of the problems in audio captioning is the lack of training data due to the difficulty in collecting audio-caption pairs by crawling…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-15 Yuma Koizumi , Yasunori Ohishi , Daisuke Niizumi , Daiki Takeuchi , Masahiro Yasuda

Developing open-source foundation models is essential for advancing research in music audio understanding and ensuring access to powerful, multipurpose representations for music information retrieval. We present OMAR-RQ, a model trained…

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have substantially improved natural language processing (NLP) applications. However, these models often inherit and amplify biases present in their training data. Although several datasets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Shaina Raza , Mizanur Rahman , Michael R. Zhang

Universal source separation targets at separating the audio sources of an arbitrary mix, removing the constraint to operate on a specific domain like speech or music. Yet, the potential of universal source separation is limited because most…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Jordi Pons , Xiaoyu Liu , Santiago Pascual , Joan Serrà

The goal of universal audio representation learning is to obtain foundational models that can be used for a variety of downstream tasks involving speech, music and environmental sounds. To approach this problem, methods inspired by works on…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Leonardo Pepino , Pablo Riera , Luciana Ferrer

Pre-training and fine-tuning, e.g., BERT, have achieved great success in language understanding by transferring knowledge from rich-resource pre-training task to the low/zero-resource downstream tasks. Inspired by the success of BERT, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-24 Kaitao Song , Xu Tan , Tao Qin , Jianfeng Lu , Tie-Yan Liu

The advent of hyper-scale and general-purpose pre-trained models is shifting the paradigm of building task-specific models for target tasks. In the field of audio research, task-agnostic pre-trained models with high transferability and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-03 Ju-ho Kim , Jungwoo Heo , Hyun-seo Shin , Chan-yeong Lim , Ha-Jin Yu

Audio-Language models jointly learn multimodal text and audio representations that enable Zero-Shot inference. Models rely on the encoders to create powerful representations of the input and generalize to multiple tasks ranging from sounds,…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Benjamin Elizalde , Soham Deshmukh , Huaming Wang

We present a system for automatic multi-axis perceptual quality prediction of generative audio, developed for Track 2 of the AudioMOS Challenge 2025. The task is to predict four Audio Aesthetic Scores--Production Quality, Production…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-04 Dyah A. M. G. Wisnu , Ryandhimas E. Zezario , Stefano Rini , Hsin-Min Wang , Yu Tsao

Audio self-supervised learning (SSL) pre-training, which aims to learn good representations from unlabeled audio, has made remarkable progress. However, the extensive computational demands during pre-training pose a significant barrier to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-09 Wenxi Chen , Yuzhe Liang , Ziyang Ma , Zhisheng Zheng , Xie Chen

In this research, we introduce BEATS, a novel framework for evaluating Bias, Ethics, Fairness, and Factuality in Large Language Models (LLMs). Building upon the BEATS framework, we present a bias benchmark for LLMs that measure performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Alok Abhishek , Lisa Erickson , Tushar Bandopadhyay

Music annotation has always been one of the critical topics in the field of Music Information Retrieval (MIR). Traditional models use supervised learning for music annotation tasks. However, as supervised machine learning approaches…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-02 Yilun Zhao , Jia Guo

In this paper, we propose an Omni-perception Pre-Trainer (OPT) for cross-modal understanding and generation, by jointly modeling visual, text and audio resources. OPT is constructed in an encoder-decoder framework, including three…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Jing Liu , Xinxin Zhu , Fei Liu , Longteng Guo , Zijia Zhao , Mingzhen Sun , Weining Wang , Hanqing Lu , Shiyu Zhou , Jiajun Zhang , Jinqiao Wang

This paper describes the BUT submission to the ESDD 2026 Challenge, specifically focusing on Track 1: Environmental Sound Deepfake Detection with Unseen Generators. To address the critical challenge of generalizing to audio generated by…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-10 Junyi Peng , Lin Zhang , Jin Li , Oldrich Plchot , Jan Cernocky

Spatial sound reasoning is a fundamental human skill, enabling us to navigate and interpret our surroundings based on sound. In this paper we present BAT, which combines the spatial sound perception ability of a binaural acoustic scene…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-20 Zhisheng Zheng , Puyuan Peng , Ziyang Ma , Xie Chen , Eunsol Choi , David Harwath

In this work, we provide a broad comparative analysis of strategies for pre-training audio understanding models for several tasks in the music domain, including labelling of genre, era, origin, mood, instrumentation, key, pitch, vocal…

Discrete audio tokenizers are fundamental to empowering large language models with native audio processing and generation capabilities. Despite recent progress, existing approaches often rely on pretrained encoders, semantic distillation,…

Stable and accurate electroencephalogram (EEG) signal acquisition is fundamental in non-invasive brain-computer interface (BCI) technology. Commonly used EEG acquisition system's hardware and software are usually closed-source. Its…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Bing Zou , Yubo Zheng , Mu Shen , Yingying Luo , Lei Li , Lin Zhang