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We explore the thermodynamic and entanglement properties of dynamical black holes based on the recently proposed dynamical black hole entropy by Hollands-Wald-Zhang. We first provide direct proof that, under first-order perturbations, the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-20 Weizhen Jia , Qiongyu Qi , Christina Gao

Recently Hollands, Wald and Zhang proposed a new formula for the entropy of a dynamical black hole. We lift this construction to the dynamical cosmological event horizon of an asymptotically de Sitter spacetime. By introducing a nontrivial…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-09 Jinan Zhao

For the study of $3+1$ dimensional Einstein vacuum equations (EVEs), substantial progress has been made recently on the problem of trapped surface formation. However, very limited knowledge of existence and associated properties is acquired…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-05-06 Xinliang An , Qing Han

We consider the holographic description of the dynamical black hole entropy in $f(R)$ higher curvature gravity which proposed by Hollands-Wald-Zhang. On the bulk side, we show that the coarse-grained entropy (outer entropy) of a generalized…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-24 Qiongyu Qi

Modes of physical fields which are located inside a horizon and which cannot be observed by a distant observer are identified with dynamical degrees of freedom of a black hole. A new invariant statistical mechanical definition of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-01-05 Valery Frolov , Igor Novikov

We point out a structural similarity between the characterization of black hole apparent horizons as stable marginally outer trapped surfaces (MOTS) and the quantum description of a non-relativistic charged particle moving in given magnetic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-17 José Luis Jaramillo

We study the first law for non-stationary perturbations of a stationary black hole whose event horizon is a Killing horizon, that relates the first-order change in the mass and angular momentum to the change in the entropy of an arbitrary…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-02-18 Manus R. Visser , Zihan Yan

In recent work, Hollands, Kov\'acs and Reall have built on previous work of Wall to provide a definition of dynamical black hole entropy for gravitational effective field theories (EFTs). This entropy satisfies a second law of black hole…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-05-17 Iain Davies , Harvey S. Reall

We review the insights into black hole entropy that arise from the formulation of gravitation theory in terms of dimensional continuation. The role of the horizon area and the deficit angle of a conical singularity at the horizon as…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 C. Teitelboim

Black hole apparent horizons possess a natural notion of stability, whose spectral characterization can be related to the problem of the stationary quantum charged particle. Such mathematical relation leads to an "analyticity conjecture" on…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-23 José Luis Jaramillo

Black hole horizon sections, modelled as marginally outer trapped surfaces (MOTS), possess a notion of stability admitting a spectral characterization. Specifically, the "principal eigenvalue" \lambda_o of the MOTS-stability operator (an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-09-30 José Luis Jaramillo

Recently it was proposed to explain the dynamical origin of the entropy of a black hole by identifying its dynamical degrees of freedom with states of quantum fields propagating in the black-hole's interior. The present paper contains the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-04-18 A. O. Barvinsky , V. P. Frolov , A. I. Zelnikov

A popular approach in numerical simulations of black hole binaries is to model black holes as punctures in the fabric of spacetime. The location and the properties of the black hole punctures are tracked with apparent horizons, namely…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-08-26 Christopher Evans , Deborah Ferguson , Bhavesh Khamesra , Pablo Laguna , Deirdre Shoemaker

Marginally outer trapped surfaces (MOTSs, or marginal surfaces in short) are routinely used in numerical simulations of black hole spacetimes. They are an invaluable tool for locating and characterizing black holes quasi-locally in real…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-03-13 Daniel Pook-Kolb , Ofek Birnholtz , Badri Krishnan , Erik Schnetter

We solve Einstein vacuum equations in a spacetime region up to the "center" of gravitational collapse. Within this region, we construct a sequence of marginally outer trapped surfaces (MOTS) with areas going to zero. These MOTS form a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-26 Xinliang An

We study the entropy of static, spherically symmetric black holes in diffeomorphism-invariant theories with nonminimal matter--curvature couplings, using the covariant phase space formalism. For regular bifurcate Killing horizons, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-22 Jia-Zhou Liu , Shan-Ping Wu , Shao-Wen Wei , Yu-Xiao Liu

We prove that a marginally outer trapped surface (MOTS) can form as a result of Einsteinian evolution in pure vacuum spacetime starting from regular initial data free of MOTSs due to pure boundary effects. We adapt a Cauchy-double-null…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-19 Puskar Mondal , Shing-Tung Yau

Dynamical, non-asymptotically flat black holes are best characterized by their apparent horizons. Cosmological black hole solutions of General Relativity exhibit two types of apparent horizon behaviours which, thus far, appeared to be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-11-25 Valerio Faraoni , Angus Prain

We consider two non-statistical definitions of entropy for dynamic (non-stationary) black holes in spherical symmetry. The first is analogous to the original Clausius definition of thermodynamic entropy: there is a first law containing an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-05-12 Sean A. Hayward , Shinji Mukohyama , M. C. Ashworth

Two techniques for computing black hole entropy in generally covariant gravity theories including arbitrary higher derivative interactions are studied. The techniques are Wald's Noether charge approach introduced recently, and a field…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 Ted Jacobson , Gungwon Kang , Robert C. Myers
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