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As Facial Expression Recognition (FER) systems become integrated into our daily lives, these systems need to prioritise making fair decisions instead of aiming at higher individual accuracy scores. Ranging from surveillance systems to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Nikhil Churamani , Ozgur Kara , Hatice Gunes

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed clients without sharing raw data, yet its performance deteriorates under statistical heterogeneity. Clustered Federated Learning addresses this challenge by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Mahad Ali , Laura J. Brattain

The advent of pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) has significantly transformed Continual Learning (CL), mainly due to their zero-shot classification abilities. Such proficiency makes VLMs well-suited for real-world applications,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Aniello Panariello , Emanuele Frascaroli , Pietro Buzzega , Lorenzo Bonicelli , Angelo Porrello , Simone Calderara

Transfer learning (TL) from pretrained deep models is a standard practice in modern medical image classification (MIC). However, what levels of features to be reused are problem-dependent, and uniformly finetuning all layers of pretrained…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-28 Le Peng , Hengyue Liang , Gaoxiang Luo , Taihui Li , Ju Sun

Due to the model aging problem, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) need updates to adjust them to new data distributions. The common practice leverages incremental learning (IL), e.g., Class-based Incremental Learning (CIL) that updates output…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Xuanqi Gao , Juan Zhai , Shiqing Ma , Chao Shen , Yufei Chen , Shiwei Wang

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) aims to build classification models from data streams. At each step of the CIL process, new classes must be integrated into the model. Due to catastrophic forgetting, CIL is particularly challenging when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Grégoire Petit , Michael Soumm , Eva Feillet , Adrian Popescu , Bertrand Delezoide , David Picard , Céline Hudelot

Incremental learning attempts to develop a classifier which learns continuously from a stream of data segregated into different classes. Deep learning approaches suffer from catastrophic forgetting when learning classes incrementally, while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Ali Ayub , Alan Wagner

Federated Learning (FL) aims at unburdening the training of deep models by distributing computation across multiple devices (clients) while safeguarding data privacy. On top of that, Federated Continual Learning (FCL) also accounts for data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Riccardo Salami , Pietro Buzzega , Matteo Mosconi , Mattia Verasani , Simone Calderara

Recently, foundation language models (LMs) have marked significant achievements in the domains of natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV). Unlike traditional neural network models, foundation LMs obtain a great ability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Yutao Yang , Jie Zhou , Xuanwen Ding , Tianyu Huai , Shunyu Liu , Qin Chen , Yuan Xie , Liang He

Discovering novel concepts in unlabelled datasets and in a continuous manner is an important desideratum of lifelong learners. In the literature such problems have been partially addressed under very restricted settings, where novel classes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Mingxuan Liu , Subhankar Roy , Zhun Zhong , Nicu Sebe , Elisa Ricci

Few Shot Class Incremental Learning (FSCIL) with few examples per class for each incremental session is the realistic setting of continual learning since obtaining large number of annotated samples is not feasible and cost effective. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Anant Khandelwal

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) aims to sequentially learn new classes while mitigating catastrophic forgetting of previously learned knowledge. Conventional CIL approaches implicitly assume that classes are morphologically static,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zheng Zhang , Tao Hu , Xueheng Li , Yang Wang , Rui Li , Jie Zhang , Chengjun Xie

Foundation models, large-scale, pre-trained deep-learning models adapted to a wide range of downstream tasks have gained significant interest lately in various deep-learning problems undergoing a paradigm shift with the rise of these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Bobby Azad , Reza Azad , Sania Eskandari , Afshin Bozorgpour , Amirhossein Kazerouni , Islem Rekik , Dorit Merhof

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training among participants while guaranteeing the privacy of raw data. Mainstream FL methodologies overlook the dynamic nature of real-world data, particularly its tendency to grow in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Zhiyuan Wu , Tianliu He , Sheng Sun , Yuwei Wang , Min Liu , Bo Gao , Xuefeng Jiang

Class-incremental learning (CIL) for endoscopic image analysis is crucial for real-world clinical applications, where diagnostic models should continuously adapt to evolving clinical data while retaining performance on previously learned…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Bingrong Liu , Jun Shi , Yushan Zheng

Large deep learning models are impressive, but they struggle when real-time data is not available. Few-shot class-incremental learning (FSCIL) poses a significant challenge for deep neural networks to learn new tasks from just a few labeled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Songsong Tian , Lusi Li , Weijun Li , Hang Ran , Xin Ning , Prayag Tiwari

Image-point class incremental learning helps the 3D-points-vision robots continually learn category knowledge from 2D images, improving their perceptual capability in dynamic environments. However, some incremental learning methods address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Chao Qi , Jianqin Yin , Ren Zhang

Class-incremental learning (CIL) is typically evaluated under predefined schedules with equal-sized tasks, leaving more realistic and complex cases unexplored. However, a practical CIL system should learns immediately when any number of new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Zhiming Xu , Baile Xu , Jian Zhao , Furao Shen , Suorong Yang

Class-incremental learning (CIL) aims to adapt to continuously emerging new classes while preserving knowledge of previously learned ones. Few-shot class-incremental learning (FSCIL) presents a greater challenge that requires the model to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Shiwon Kim , Dongjun Hwang , Sungwon Woo , Rita Singh

Few-shot class-incremental learning (FSCIL) aims to incrementally learn models from a small amount of novel data, which requires strong representation and adaptation ability of models learned under few-example supervision to avoid…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Kexin Bao , Yong Li , Dan Zeng , Shiming Ge