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Related papers: DONUT: Physics-aware Machine Learning for Real-tim…

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X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful technique for probing local atomic environments, yet its interpretation remains limited by the need for expert-driven analysis, computationally expensive simulations, and element-specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Yufeng Wang , Peiyao Wang , Lu Wei , Lu Ma , Yuewei Lin , Qun Liu , Haibin Ling

Semantic segmentation and lane detection are crucial tasks in autonomous driving systems. Conventional approaches predominantly rely on deep neural networks (DNNs), which incur high energy costs due to extensive analog-to-digital…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yingjie Li , Daniel Robinson , Weilu Gao , Cunxi Yu

Data inconsistency leads to a slow training process when deep neural networks are used for the inverse design of photonic devices, an issue that arises from the fundamental property of non-uniqueness in all inverse scattering problems. Here…

Optics · Physics 2018-04-09 Dianjing Liu , Yixuan Tan , Erfan Khoram , Zongfu Yu

Sub-angstrom spatial resolution of electron density coupled with sub-femtosecond temporal resolution is required to directly observe the dynamics of the electronic structure of a molecule after photoinitiation or some other ultrafast…

Medical Imagings are considered one of the crucial diagnostic tools for different bones-related diseases, especially bones fractures. This paper investigates the robustness of pre-trained deep learning models for classifying bone fractures…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-15 Robby Hoover , Nelly Elsayed , Zag ElSayed , Chengcheng Li

We report the development of deep learning coherent electron diffractive imaging at sub-angstrom resolution using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained with only simulated data. We experimentally demonstrate this method by applying…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-04-19 Dillan J. Chang , Colum M. O'Leary , Cong Su , Salman Kahn , Alex Zettl , Jim Ciston , Peter Ercius , Jianwei Miao

Condensed phase systems often exhibit a mixture of deterministic and stochastic dynamics at the nanoscale which are essential to understanding their function, but can be challenging to study directly using conventional imaging methods.…

Optics · Physics 2025-01-17 Arnab Sarkar , Allan S. Johnson

Image motion blur results from a combination of object motions and camera shakes, and such blurring effect is generally directional and non-uniform. Previous research attempted to solve non-uniform blurs using self-recurrent multiscale,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Fu-Jen Tsai , Yan-Tsung Peng , Yen-Yu Lin , Chung-Chi Tsai , Chia-Wen Lin

X-ray diffraction is ideal for probing sub-surface state during complex or rapid thermomechanical loading of crystalline materials. However, challenges arise as the size of diffraction volumes increases due to spatial broadening and…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-01-10 Rachel E. Lim , Shun-Li Shang , Chihpin Chuang , Thien Q. Phan , Zi-Kui Liu , Darren C. Pagan

Inverting visual representations within deep neural networks (DNNs) presents a challenging and important problem in the field of security and privacy for deep learning. The main goal is to invert the features of an unidentified target image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Sai Qian Zhang , Ziyun Li , Chuan Guo , Saeed Mahloujifar , Deeksha Dangwal , Edward Suh , Barbara De Salvo , Chiao Liu

Modern technology for producing extremely bright and coherent X-ray laser pulses provides the possibility to acquire a large number of diffraction patterns from individual biological nanoparticles, including proteins, viruses, and DNA.…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-07-11 Stefan Engblom , Carl Nettelblad , Jing Liu

Accurate detection and segmentation of anatomical structures from ultrasound images are crucial for clinical diagnosis and biometric measurements. Although ultrasound imaging has been widely used with superiorities such as low cost and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-07-08 Hao Chen , Yefeng Zheng , Jin-Hyeong Park , Pheng-Ann Heng , S. Kevin Zhou

Generative AI models, such as score-based diffusion models, have recently advanced the field of computational materials science by enabling the generation of new materials with desired properties. In addition, these models could also be…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-01-06 Timo Reents , Arianna Cantarella , Marnik Bercx , Pietro Bonfà , Giovanni Pizzi

Due to the wide applications of X-ray computed tomography (CT) in medical imaging activities, radiation exposure has become a major concern for public health. Sparse-view CT is a promising approach to reduce the radiation dose by…

Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is extensively used in materials science as a way of examining nanostructures. The analysis of experimental SAXS data involves mapping a rather simple data format to a vast amount of structural models.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Piotr Tomaszewski , Shun Yu , Markus Borg , Jerk Rönnols

In this paper, we present the modular design and implementation of DONUT, a novel tool for identifying software running on a device. Our tool uses a rule-based approach to detect software-specific DNS fingerprints (stored in an easily…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Sebastian Schäfer , Ulrike Meyer

Transparent objects are a very challenging problem in computer vision. They are hard to segment or classify due to their lack of precise boundaries, and there is limited data available for training deep neural networks. As such, current…

Graphics · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Mehdi Mousavi , Rolando Estrada

We refine the recently introduced "Virtual VNA 3.0" technique to remove the need for coherent detection. The resulting "Virtual VNA 3.1" technique can unambiguously estimate the full scattering matrix of a non-reciprocal, linear, passive,…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-04-17 Philipp del Hougne

X-Ray image enhancement, along with many other medical image processing applications, requires the segmentation of images into bone, soft tissue, and open beam regions. We apply a machine learning approach to this problem, presenting an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Joseph Bullock , Carolina Cuesta-Lazaro , Arnau Quera-Bofarull

Advancements in fast electron detectors have enabled the statistically significant sampling of crystal structures on the nanometre scale by means of Scanning Electron Nanobeam Diffraction (SEND). Characterisation of structural similarity…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-07-28 Andy Bridger , William I. F. David , Thomas J. Wood , Mohsen Danaie , Keith T. Butler