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Quantum mechanics is considered to arise from an underlying classical structure (``hidden variable theory'', ``sub-quantum mechanics''), where quantum fluctuations follow from a physical noise mechanism. The stability of the hydrogen ground…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Th. M. Nieuwenhuizen

Measurement is one of the most counter-intuitive aspects of quantum physics. Frequent measurements of a quantum system lead to quantum Zeno dynamics where time evolution becomes confined to a subspace defined by the projections. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-03 Wojciech Kozlowski , Santiago F. Caballero-Benitez , Igor B. Mekhov

The statistical mechanical description of small systems staying in thermal equilibrium with an environment can be achieved by means of the Hamiltonian of mean force. In contrast to the reduced density matrix of an open quantum system, or…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-10-28 Peter Talkner , Peter Hänggi

Recent experimental and theoretical progress as well as the prospect of commercially viable quantum technologies have inspired great interest in the study of open quantum systems and their dynamics. Many open quantum systems are well…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-06-10 Marvin Syed , Tilman Enss , Nicolò Defenu

Decoherence and dissipation, arising from unavoidable interactions with the environment, can exert a dual influence on transport in physical systems, suppressing coherent propagation while inducing diffusion and mitigating localization in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Kunkun Wang , Lei Xiao , Stefano Longhi , Peng Xue

This paper proposes to broaden the canonical formulation of quantum mechanics. Ordinarily, one imposes the condition $H^\dagger=H$ on the Hamiltonian, where $\dagger$ represents the mathematical operation of complex conjugation and matrix…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Carl Bender , Stefan Boettcher , Peter Meisinger

Hilbert space fragmentation (HSF) is a phenomenon that the Hilbert space of an isolated quantum system splits into exponentially many disconnected subsectors. The fragmented systems do not thermalize after long-time evolution because the…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2023-12-29 Masaya Kunimi , Ippei Danshita

The observation that PT-symmetric Hamiltonians can have real-valued energy levels even if they are non-Hermitian has triggered intense activities, with experiments, in particular, focusing on optical systems, where Hermiticity can be broken…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-10 Henning Schomerus

Non-Hermitian quantum theories have been applied in many other areas of physics. In this note, I will briefly review recent developments in the formulation of non-Hermitian quantum field theories, highlighting features that are unique…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-09-21 Peter Millington

Non-hermiticity presents a vast newly opened territory that harbors new physics and applications such as lasing and sensing. However, only non-Hermitian systems with real eigenenergies are stable, and great efforts have been devoted in…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-10-25 Russell Yang , Jun Wei Tan , Tommy Tai , Jin Ming Koh , Linhu Li , Stefano Longhi , Ching Hua Lee

We show that the mean time, which a quantum particle needs to escape from a system to the environment, is quantized and independent from most dynamical details of the system. In particular, we consider a quantum system with a general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-19 Felix Thiel , David A. Kessler , Eli Barkai

I argue that scattering theory for massless particles in Minkowski space should be reformulated as a mapping between past and future representations of an algebra of densities on the conformal boundary. These densities are best thought of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-11-05 Tom Banks

Non-Hermitian systems are widespread in both classical and quantum physics. The dynamics of such systems has recently become a focal point of research, showcasing surprising behaviors that include apparent violation of the adiabatic theorem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Parveen Kumar , Yuval Gefen , Kyrylo Snizhko

Deformations of the canonical commutation relations lead to non-Hermitian momentum and position operators and therefore almost inevitably to non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. We demonstrate that such type of deformed quantum mechanical systems…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-20 Bijan Bagchi , Andreas Fring

Recently, it has become clear that non-hermitian phenomena can be observed not only in open quantum systems experiencing gain and loss but also in equilibrium single-particle properties of strongly correlated systems. However, the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-05-20 Yoshihiro Michishita , Robert Peters

The Hermiticity axiom of quantum mechanics guarantees that the energy spectrum is real and the time evolution is unitary (probability-preserving). Nevertheless, non-Hermitian but $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric Hamiltonians may also have real…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-06 Fernando Quijandría , Uta Naether , Sahin K. Özdemir , Franco Nori , David Zueco

There is a common belief in the condensed matter community that bulk quantities become insensitive to the boundary condition in the infinite-volume limit. Here we reconsider this statement in terms of recent arguments of non-Hermitian skin…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-05-05 Nobuyuki Okuma , Masatoshi Sato

The qualitatively new concept of dynamic complexity in quantum mechanics is based on a new paradigm appearing within a nonperturbational analysis of the Schroedinger equation for a generic Hamiltonian system. The unreduced analysis…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrei P. Kirilyuk

Non-Hermitian quantum systems showcase many distinct and intriguing features with no Hermitian counterparts. One of them is the exceptional point which marks the PT (parity and time) symmetry phase transition, where an enhanced spectral…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-28 C. -Y. Liu , C. G. Feyisa , Muhammad S. Hasan , H. H. Jen

It is well known that density matrices can be used in quantum mechanics to represent the information available to an observer about either a system with a random wave function (``statistical mixture'') or a system that is entangled with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Detlef Duerr , Sheldon Goldstein , Roderich Tumulka , Nino Zanghi