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The gaze behavior of virtual avatars is critical to social presence and perceived eye contact during social interactions in Virtual Reality. Virtual Reality headsets are being designed with integrated eye tracking to enable compelling…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Brendan John , Sophie Jörg , Sanjeev Koppal , Eakta Jain

The widespread use of image acquisition technologies, along with advances in facial recognition, has raised serious privacy concerns. Face de-identification usually refers to the process of concealing or replacing personal identifiers,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Jingyi Cao , Xiangyi Chen , Bo Liu , Ming Ding , Rong Xie , Li Song , Zhu Li , Wenjun Zhang

The goal of privacy metrics is to measure the degree of privacy enjoyed by users in a system and the amount of protection offered by privacy-enhancing technologies. In this way, privacy metrics contribute to improving user privacy in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-21 Isabel Wagner , David Eckhoff

Although there are privacy-enhancing tools designed to protect users' online privacy, it is surprising to see a lack of user-centric solutions allowing privacy control based on the joint assessment of privacy risks and benefits, due to data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Yang Lu , Shujun Li , Athina Ioannou , Iis Tussyadiah

In this paper, we first present a volumetric privacy measure for dynamical systems with bounded disturbances, wherein the states of the system contain private information and an adversary with access to sensor measurements attempts to infer…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-29 Chuanghong Weng , Ehsan Nekouei

Securing personal identity against deepfake attacks is increasingly critical in the digital age, especially for celebrities and political figures whose faces are easily accessible and frequently targeted. Most existing deepfake detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Kaiqing Lin , Zhiyuan Yan , Ke-Yue Zhang , Li Hao , Yue Zhou , Yuzhen Lin , Weixiang Li , Taiping Yao , Shouhong Ding , Bin Li

We introduce a new model for evaluating privacy that builds on the criteria proposed by the EuroPriSe certification scheme by adding usability criteria. Our model is visually represented through a cube, called Usable Privacy Cube (or UP…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Johanna Johansen , Simone Fischer-Hübner

Analyzing privacy threats in software products is an essential part of software development to ensure systems are privacy-respecting; yet it is still a far from trivial activity. While there have been many advancements in the past decade,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Kim Wuyts , Avi Douglen

Privacy and data protection have become more and more important in recent years since an increasing number of enterprises and startups are harvesting personal data as a part of their business model. One central requirement of the GDPR is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Tamas Bisztray , Nils Gruschka

Doubtlessly, the immersive technologies have potential to ease people's life and uplift economy, however the obvious data privacy risks cannot be ignored. For example, a participant wears a 3D headset device which detects participant's head…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Keshav Sood , Iynkaran Natgunanathan , Uthayasanker Thayasivam , Vithurabiman Senthuran , Xiaoning Zhang , Shui Yu

Image data have been extensively used in Deep Neural Network (DNN) tasks in various scenarios, e.g., autonomous driving and medical image analysis, which incurs significant privacy concerns. Existing privacy protection techniques are unable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Qiushi Li , Yan Zhang , Ju Ren , Qi Li , Yaoxue Zhang

Security monitoring via ubiquitous cameras and their more extended in intelligent buildings stand to gain from advances in signal processing and machine learning. While these innovative and ground-breaking applications can be considered as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Mehmet Yamac , Mete Ahishali , Nikolaos Passalis , Jenni Raitoharju , Bulent Sankur , Moncef Gabbouj

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) rely on a variety of devices that frequently process privacy-sensitive data. Roadside units are important because they use AI-equipped cameras to detect traffic violations in Connected and Autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Abdolazim Rezaei , Mehdi Sookhak , Ahmad Patooghy , Shahab S. Band , Amir Mosavi

The deployment of facial recognition systems has created an ethical dilemma: achieving high accuracy requires massive datasets of real faces collected without consent, leading to dataset retractions and potential legal liabilities under…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Paweł Borsukiewicz , Fadi Boutros , Iyiola E. Olatunji , Charles Beumier , Wendkûuni C. Ouedraogo , Jacques Klein , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé

Mounting privacy legislation calls for the preservation of privacy in speech technology, though solutions are gravely lacking. While evaluation campaigns are long-proven tools to drive progress, the need to consider a privacy adversary…

Differential privacy (DP) is the prevailing technique for protecting user data in machine learning models. However, deficits to this framework include a lack of clarity for selecting the privacy budget $\epsilon$ and a lack of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Tyler LeBlond , Joseph Munoz , Fred Lu , Maya Fuchs , Elliott Zaresky-Williams , Edward Raff , Brian Testa

How can we explore the unknown properties of high-dimensional sensitive relational data while preserving privacy? We study how to construct an explorable privacy-preserving materialized view under differential privacy. No existing…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Fumiyuki Kato , Tsubasa Takahashi , Shun Takagi , Yang Cao , Seng Pei Liew , Masatoshi Yoshikawa

With billions of personal images being generated from social media and cameras of all sorts on a daily basis, security and privacy are unprecedentedly challenged. Although extensive attempts have been made, existing face image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Tao Li , Lei Lin

The adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized AI applications but poses significant challenges in safeguarding user privacy. Ensuring compliance with privacy regulations such as GDPR and CCPA while addressing nuanced…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Shubhi Asthana , Bing Zhang , Ruchi Mahindru , Chad DeLuca , Anna Lisa Gentile , Sandeep Gopisetty

Recently, Smart Video Surveillance (SVS) systems have been receiving more attention among scholars and developers as a substitute for the current passive surveillance systems. These systems are used to make the policing and monitoring…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Babak Rahimi Ardabili , Armin Danesh Pazho , Ghazal Alinezhad Noghre , Christopher Neff , Arun Ravindran , Hamed Tabkhi