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On-device control agents, especially on mobile devices, are responsible for operating mobile devices to fulfill users' requests, enabling seamless and intuitive interactions. Integrating Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) into these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Taiyi Wang , Zhihao Wu , Jianheng Liu , Jianye Hao , Jun Wang , Kun Shao

Reinforcement learning (RL) has increasingly become a pivotal technique in the post-training of large language models (LLMs). The effective exploration of the output space is essential for the success of RL. We observe that for complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Shihan Dou , Muling Wu , Jingwen Xu , Rui Zheng , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become central to training large language models (LLMs), yet the field lacks predictive scaling methodologies comparable to those established for pre-training. Despite rapidly rising compute budgets, there is…

In distributed optimization, the practical problem-solving performance is essentially sensitive to algorithm selection, parameter setting, problem type and data pattern. Thus, it is often laborious to acquire a highly efficient method for a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-04 Daokuan Zhu , Tianqi Xu , Jie Lu

While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance in surface-level text generation, their nature in handling complex multi-step reasoning tasks often remains one of ``statistical fitting'' rather than systematic logical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Lianlei Shan , Han Chen , Yixuan Wang , Zhenjie Liu , Wei Li

Training Large Reasoning Model (LRM) is usually unstable and unpredictable, especially on hard problems or weak foundation models. We found that the current post-training scaling strategy can still improve on these cases. We propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Yutong Chen , Jiandong Gao , Ji Wu

We propose ReinFlow, a simple yet effective online reinforcement learning (RL) framework that fine-tunes a family of flow matching policies for continuous robotic control. Derived from rigorous RL theory, ReinFlow injects learnable noise…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Tonghe Zhang , Chao Yu , Sichang Su , Yu Wang

In this paper, we survey recent advances in Reinforcement Learning (RL) for reasoning with Large Language Models (LLMs). RL has achieved remarkable success in advancing the frontier of LLM capabilities, particularly in addressing complex…

Over the past decade, machine learning model complexity has grown at an extraordinary rate, as has the scale of the systems training such large models. However there is an alarmingly low hardware utilization (5-20%) in large scale AI…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Newsha Ardalani , Saptadeep Pal , Puneet Gupta

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) are promising alternatives to autoregressive large language models (AR-LLMs), as they potentially allow higher inference throughput. Reinforcement learning (RL) is a crucial component for dLLMs to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yuchen Zhu , Wei Guo , Jaemoo Choi , Petr Molodyk , Bo Yuan , Molei Tao , Yongxin Chen

Most deep reinforcement learning algorithms are data inefficient in complex and rich environments, limiting their applicability to many scenarios. One direction for improving data efficiency is multitask learning with shared neural network…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities through step-by-step chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning. Nevertheless, at the limits of model capability, CoT often proves insufficient, and its strictly sequential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xiao Liang , Zhong-Zhi Li , Zhenghao Lin , Eric Hancheng Jiang , Hengyuan Zhang , Yelong Shen , Kai-Wei Chang , Ying Nian Wu , Yeyun Gong , Weizhu Chen

We introduce a reinforcement learning (RL) environment to design and benchmark control strategies aimed at reducing drag in turbulent fluid flows enclosed in a channel. The environment provides a framework for computationally-efficient,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-02-09 L. Guastoni , J. Rabault , P. Schlatter , H. Azizpour , R. Vinuesa

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has emerged as a promising approach for handling highly dynamic and nonlinear Active Flow Control (AFC) problems. However, the computational cost associated with training DRL models presents a significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Wang Jia , Hang Xu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a powerful approach for improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), as evidenced by recent successes such as OpenAI's o1 and Deepseek-R1. However, applying RL at scale remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Siru Ouyang , Xinyu Zhu , Zilin Xiao , Minhao Jiang , Yu Meng , Jiawei Han

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) are emerging as a compelling alternative to dominant autoregressive models, replacing strictly sequential token generation with iterative denoising and parallel generation dynamics. However, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Jingyi Yang , Yuxian Jiang , Xuhao Hu , Shuang Cheng , Biqing Qi , Jing Shao

Large language models (LLMs) trained via pretraining and supervised fine-tuning (SFT) can still produce harmful and misaligned outputs, or struggle in domains like math and coding. Reinforcement learning (RL)-based post-training methods,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhichao Wang , Kiran Ramnath , Bin Bi , Shiva Kumar Pentyala , Sougata Chaudhuri , Shubham Mehrotra , Zixu , Zhu , Xiang-Bo Mao , Sitaram Asur , Na , Cheng

The rapid evolution of Embodied AI has enabled Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models to excel in multimodal perception and task execution. However, applying Reinforcement Learning (RL) to these massive models in large-scale distributed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yucheng Guo , Yongjian Guo , Zhong Guan , Wen Huang , Haoran Sun , Haodong Yue , Xiaolong Xiang , Shuai Di , Zhen Sun , Luqiao Wang , Junwu Xiong , Yicheng Gong

Recent large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities that benefits from online reinforcement learning (RL). These capabilities have primarily been demonstrated within the left-to-right autoregressive (AR)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Siyan Zhao , Devaansh Gupta , Qinqing Zheng , Aditya Grover

The rapid growth of data across fields of science and industry has increased the need to improve the performance of end-to-end data transfers while using the resources more efficiently. In this paper, we present a dynamic, multiparameter…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Hasibul Jamil , Jacob Goldverg , Elvis Rodrigues , MD S Q Zulkar Nine , Tevfik Kosar