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We discuss when law-invariant convex functionals "collapse to the mean". More precisely, we show that, in a large class of spaces of random variables and under mild semicontinuity assumptions, the expectation functional is, up to an affine…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-01-21 Fabio Bellini , Pablo Koch-Medina , Cosimo Munari , Gregor Svindland

The risk of a financial position is usually summarized by a risk measure. As this risk measure has to be estimated from historical data, it is important to be able to verify and compare competing estimation procedures. In statistical…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2014-04-01 Johanna F. Ziegel

We establish general "collapse to the mean" principles that provide conditions under which a law-invariant functional reduces to an expectation. In the convex setting, we retrieve and sharpen known results from the literature. However, our…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-07-15 Felix-Benedikt Liebrich , Cosimo Munari

We introduce the concept of partial law invariance, generalizing the concepts of law invariance and probabilistic sophistication widely used in decision theory, as well as statistical and financial applications. This new concept is…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-06-24 Yi Shen , Zachary Van Oosten , Ruodu Wang

We establish general versions of a variety of results for quasiconvex, lower-semicontinuous, and law-invariant functionals. Our results extend well-known results from the literature to a large class of spaces of random variables. We…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2021-01-21 Fabio Bellini , Pablo Koch-Medina , Cosimo Munari , Gregor Svindland

Elicitability is a property of $\mathbb{R}^k$-valued functionals defined on a set of distribution functions. These functionals represent statistical properties of a distribution, for instance its mean, variance, or median. They are called…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-08-01 Jonas Brehmer

A one-to-one correspondence is drawn between law invariant risk measures and divergences, which we define as functionals of pairs of probability measures on arbitrary standard Borel spaces satisfying a few natural properties. Divergences…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2016-06-07 Daniel Lacker

We study the non-parametric isotonic regression problem for bivariate elicitable functionals that are given as an elicitable univariate functional and its Bayes risk. Prominent examples for functionals of this type are (mean, variance) and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-06-30 Anja Mühlemann , Johanna F. Ziegel

A statistical functional, such as the mean or the median, is called elicitable if there is a scoring function or loss function such that the correct forecast of the functional is the unique minimizer of the expected score. Such scoring…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-08-10 Tobias Fissler , Johanna F. Ziegel

We characterize when a convex risk measure associated to a law-invariant acceptance set in $L^\infty$ can be extended to $L^p$, $1\leq p<\infty$, preserving finiteness and continuity. This problem is strongly connected to the statistical…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2014-01-15 Pablo Koch-Medina , Cosimo Munari

A risk analyst assesses potential financial losses based on multiple sources of information. Often, the assessment does not only depend on the specification of the loss random variable but also various economic scenarios. Motivated by this…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-10-02 Tolulope Fadina , Yang Liu , Ruodu Wang

Sublinear functionals of random variables are known as sublinear expectations; they are convex homogeneous functionals on infinite-dimensional linear spaces. We extend this concept for set-valued functionals defined on measurable set-valued…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-01-15 Ilya Molchanov , Anja Mühlemann

In this paper, we explore several Fatou-type properties of risk measures. The paper continues to reveal that the strong Fatou property, which was introduced in [17], seems to be most suitable to ensure nice dual representations of risk…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2018-05-15 Shengzhong Chen , Niushan Gao , Foivos Xanthos

We study submodularity for law-invariant functionals, with particular attention to convex risk measures. Expected losses are modular, and certainty equivalents are submodular exactly when the loss function is convex. Law-invariant coherent…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-04-07 Ruodu Wang , Jingcheng Yu

In this note, we show that, on a wide range of rearrangement-invariant spaces, a law-invariant bounded linear functional is a scalar multiple of the expectation. We also construct a rearrangement-invariant space on which this property…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-11-15 Shengzhong Chen , Niushan Gao , Denny H. Leung , Lei Li

In this paper we analyze a dynamic recursive extension of the (static) notion of a deviation measure and its properties. We study distribution invariant deviation measures and show that the only dynamic deviation measure which is law…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2018-12-12 Mitja Stadje

In this paper we introduce a generalization of classical risk measures in which the risk is represented by a step function taking two values, corresponding to two endogenously determined market regimes. This extends the traditional…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-16 Mihaela-Adriana Nistor , Ionel Popescu

This paper presents a systematic study of the notion of surplus invariance, which plays a natural and important role in the theory of risk measures and capital requirements. So far, this notion has been investigated in the setting of some…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2018-05-16 Niushan Gao , Cosimo Munari

Value-function approximation methods that operate in batch mode have foundational importance to reinforcement learning (RL). Finite sample guarantees for these methods often crucially rely on two types of assumptions: (1) mild distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-02 Jinglin Chen , Nan Jiang

We provide a constructive way of defining new elicitable risk measures that are characterised by a multiplicative scoring function. We show that depending on the choice of the scoring function's components, the resulting risk measure…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-03-06 Akif Ince , Marlon Moresco , Ilaria Peri , Silvana M. Pesenti
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