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Fix an integer $r\geq 3$. Let $q$ be a large positive integer and $a_1,...,a_r$ be distinct residue classes modulo $q$ that are relatively prime to $q$. In this paper, we establish an asymptotic formula for the logarithmic density…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-01-06 Youness Lamzouri

The set of short intervals between consecutive primes squared has the pleasant---but seemingly unexploited---property that each interval $s_k:=\{p_k^2, \dots,p_{k+1}^2-1\}$ is fully sieved by the $k$ first primes. Here we take advantage of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-08-13 Kolbjørn Tunstrøm

We construct a Beurling generalized number system satisfying the Riemann hypothesis and whose integer counting function displays extremal oscillation in the following sense. The prime counting function of this number system satisfies…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-10-16 Frederik Broucke , Gregory Debruyne , Jasson Vindas

It is commonly believed that the normalized gaps between consecutive ordinates $t_n$ of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function on the critical line can be arbitrarily large. In particular, drawing on analogies with random matrix theory, it…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-05-29 André LeClair

We establish why li(x) outperforms x/log x as an estimate for the prime counting function pi(x). The result follows from subdividing the natural numbers into the intervals s_k :={p_k^2,..., p_{k+1}^2-1}, k>=1, each being fully sieved by the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-11-06 Kolbjørn Tunstrøm

Assuming the Riemann Hypothesis, we derive explicit bounds for the error terms in short interval analogues of the prime number theorem and Mertens' theorems using a smoothing argument. Our results improve upon previous bounds in both…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-30 Ethan Simpson Lee

We show the following bounds on the prime counting function $\pi(x)$ using principles from analytic number theory, giving an estimate: $$2 \log 2 \geq \limsup_{x \rightarrow \infty} \frac{\pi(x)}{x / \log x} \geq \liminf_{x \rightarrow…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-12-03 Connor Paul Wilson

Random integers, sampled uniformly from $[1,x]$, share similarities with random permutations, sampled uniformly from $S_n$. These similarities include the Erd\H{o}s--Kac theorem on the distribution of the number of prime factors of a random…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-04 Dor Elboim , Ofir Gorodetsky

In this article we prove a general theorem which establishes the existence of limiting distributions for a wide class of error terms from prime number theory. As a corollary to our main theorem, we deduce previous results of Wintner (1935),…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-06-10 Amir Akbary , Nathan Ng , Majid Shahabi

In a recent article we have discussed the connections between averages of powers of Riemann's $\zeta$-function on the critical line, and averages of characteristic polynomials of random matrices. The result for random matrices was shown to…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 E. Brezin , S. Hikami

We present a new set of accurate formulae for the computation of random errors in the measurement of atomic and molecular indices. The new expressions are in excellent agreement with numerical simulations. We have found that, in some cases,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 N. Cardiel , J. Gorgas , J. Cenarro , J. J. Gonzalez

We establish asymptotic formulas for sums of reciprocals of primes in arithmetic progressions, generalizing recent results on multiple Mertens evaluations by Tenenbaum, Qi, and Hu. Specifically, for any fixed constant $K>0$, we derive…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-09 Zhen Chen , Junrong Luo

Under the Riemann Hypothesis, we prove for any natural number $r$ there exist infinitely many large natural numbers $n$ such that $(\gamma_{n+r}-\gamma_n)/(2\pi /\log \gamma_n) > r + \Theta\sqrt{r}$ and $(\gamma_{n+r}-\gamma_n)/(2\pi /\log…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-02-07 J. B. Conrey , C. L. Turnage-Butterbaugh

Contrary to what would be predicted on the basis of Cram\'er's model concerning the distribution of prime numbers, we develop evidence that the distribution of $\psi(x+H)- \psi(x)$, for $0\le x\le N$, is approximately normal with mean $\sim…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2009-11-10 Hugh L. Montgomery , K. Soundararajan

The Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to the $\varpi$-form of the prime number theorem as $\varpi(x) =O(x\sp{1/2} \log\sp{2} x)$, where $\varpi(x) =\sum\sb{n\le x}\ \bigl(\Lambda(n) -1\big)$ with the sum running through the set of all…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-06-16 Yuanyou Cheng

The Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to the Li criterion governing a sequence of real constants, that are certain logarithmic derivatives of the Riemann xi function evaluated at unity. We investigate a related set of constants c_n, n =…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Mark W. Coffey

Suppose that we have two training sequences generated by parametrized distributions $P_{\theta^*}$ and $P_{\xi^*}$, where $\theta^*$ and $\xi^*$ are unknown true parameters. Given training sequences, we study the problem of classifying…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Shota Saito , Toshiyasu Matsushima

If the prime numbers are pseudo-randomly distributed, then analogy with quantum systems suggests that counting primes might be modeled by a non-homogeneous Poisson process. Consequently, postulating underlying gamma statistics, more-or-less…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-11-19 J. LaChapelle

In this paper we investigate analytic inequalities related to a conjecture of Henry involving the difference between the Riemann zeta function and the digamma function. By treating $\zeta(s)-\psi(1-s)$ as a unified analytic object, we…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-15 Liwen Gao , Xuejun Guo

Given the asymptotic expansion for the logarithmic integral $\int_0^n \frac{dt}{\ln(t)}$, obtained from repeated integration by parts until the expansion terms reach a minimum; approaching zero. Which determines a cut-off for the number of…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-05-04 Shaun R. Deaton