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The generation of high-quality synthetic data presents significant challenges in machine learning research, particularly regarding statistical fidelity and uncertainty quantification. Existing generative models produce compelling synthetic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Rahul Vishwakarma , Shrey Dharmendra Modi , Vishwanath Seshagiri

Quantum Random Number Generators provide true physical randomness based on quantum processes, essential for cryptographic and scientific applications. However, practical implementations face challenges in robustness and verifiability:…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Rodrigo Piera , Gianluca De Santis , Agustin Sanchez , Yury Kurochkin , James A. Grieve

Random number generation is a key technology that is useful in a variety of ways. Random numbers are often used to generate keys for data encryption. Random numbers generated at a sufficiently long length can encrypt sensitive data and make…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Jacob Hammond

We present a simple setup to implement truly random number generator based on the measurement of the laser phase noise. From the entropy point of view, we estimate the number of truly random bits that can be extracted from the sampled Byte.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-18 Yu Liu , Mingyi Zhu , Hong Guo

This paper has a practical aim. For a long time, implementations of pseudorandom number generators in standard libraries of programming languages had poor quality. The situation started to improve only recently. Up to now, a large number of…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Migran N. Gevorkyan , Dmitry S. Kulyabov , Anastasia V. Demidova , Anna V. Korolkova

An algorithm for sampling exactly from the normal distribution is given. The algorithm reads some number of uniformly distributed random digits in a given base and generates an initial portion of the representation of a normal deviate in…

Computational Physics · Physics 2016-02-01 Charles F. F. Karney

Simulating mixtures of distributions with signed weights proves a challenge as standard simulation algorithms are inefficient in handling the negative weights. In particular, the natural representation of mixture variates as associated with…

Computation · Statistics 2025-06-17 Julien Stoehr , Christian P. Robert

Quantum random number generators are becoming mandatory in a demanding technology world of high performing learning algorithms and security guidelines. Our implementation based on principles of quantum mechanics enable us to achieve the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-19 Anindita Banerjee , Deepika Aggarwal , Ankush Sharma , Ganesh Yadav

This paper proposes probabilistic conformal prediction (PCP), a predictive inference algorithm that estimates a target variable by a discontinuous predictive set. Given inputs, PCP construct the predictive set based on random samples from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-22 Zhendong Wang , Ruijiang Gao , Mingzhang Yin , Mingyuan Zhou , David M. Blei

This paper introduces a new algorithm for the fundamental problem of generating a random integer from a discrete probability distribution using a source of independent and unbiased random coin flips. We prove that this algorithm, which we…

Computation · Statistics 2020-07-03 Feras A. Saad , Cameron E. Freer , Martin C. Rinard , Vikash K. Mansinghka

Many generative models have to combat $\textit{missing modes}$. The conventional wisdom to this end is by reducing through training a statistical distance (such as $f$-divergence) between the generated distribution and provided data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-28 Peilin Zhong , Yuchen Mo , Chang Xiao , Pengyu Chen , Changxi Zheng

Probabilistic programs are typically normal-looking programs describing posterior probability distributions. They intrinsically code up randomized algorithms and have long been at the heart of modern machine learning and approximate…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Lutz Klinkenberg , Tobias Winkler , Mingshuai Chen , Joost-Pieter Katoen

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) promise perfectly unpredictable random numbers. However, the security certification of the random numbers in form of a stochastic model often introduces assumptions that are either hardly justified…

Estimation of the complete distribution of a random variable is a useful primitive for both manual and automated decision making. This problem has received extensive attention in the i.i.d. setting, but the arbitrary data dependent setting…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-01 Paul Mineiro , Steven R. Howard

In this article, we provide three generators of propositional formulae for arbitrary languages, which uniformly sample three different formulae spaces. They take the same three parameters as input, namely, a desired depth, a set of atomics…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Ariel J. Roffe , Joaquin S. Toranzo Calderon

We present an exact Bayesian inference method for discrete statistical models, which can find exact solutions to a large class of discrete inference problems, even with infinite support and continuous priors. To express such models, we…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Fabian Zaiser , Andrzej S. Murawski , Luke Ong

Our ability to trust that a random number is truly random is essential for fields as diverse as cryptography and fundamental tests of quantum mechanics. Existing solutions both come with drawbacks -- device-independent quantum random number…

A remarkable aspect of quantum theory is that certain measurement outcomes are entirely unpredictable to all possible observers. Such quantum events can be harnessed to generate numbers whose randomness is asserted based upon the underlying…

The focus of this paper is on the quantification of sampling variation in frequentist probabilistic forecasts. We propose a method of constructing confidence sets that respects the functional nature of the forecast distribution, and use…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-08-09 David Harris , Gael M. Martin , Indeewara Perera , D. S. Poskitt

Measurements on entangled quantum systems necessarily yield outcomes that are intrinsically unpredictable if they violate a Bell inequality. This property can be used to generate certified randomness in a device-independent way, i.e.,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-31 Stefano Pironio , Serge Massar