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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in emotionally sensitive human-AI applications, yet little is known about how emotion recognition is internally represented. In this work, we investigate the internal mechanisms of emotion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Bangzhao Shu , Arinjay Singh , Mai ElSherief

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has sparked interest in data synthesis techniques, aiming to generate diverse and high-quality synthetic datasets. However, these synthetic datasets often suffer from a lack of diversity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Himanshu Gupta , Kevin Scaria , Ujjwala Anantheswaran , Shreyas Verma , Mihir Parmar , Saurabh Arjun Sawant , Chitta Baral , Swaroop Mishra

Static benchmarks for harmful content detection face limitations in scalability and diversity, and may also be affected by contamination from web-scale pre-training corpora. To address these issues, we propose a framework for synthesizing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Huije Lee , Jisu Shin , Hoyun Song , Changgeon Ko , Jong C. Park

The new wave of Large Language Models (LLM) has offered an efficient tool to curate sizeable conversational datasets. So far studies have mainly focused on task-oriented or generic open-domain dialogs, and have not fully explored the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Ehsan Lotfi , Maxime De Bruyn , Jeska Buhmann , Walter Daelemans

As large language models (LLMs) evolve, their ability to deliver personalized and context-aware responses offers transformative potential for improving user experiences. Existing personalization approaches, however, often rely solely on…

With the rapid improvement in the general capabilities of LLMs, LLM personalization, i.e., how to build LLM systems that can generate personalized responses or services that are tailored to distinct user personas, has become an increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Meiling Tao , Chenghao Zhu , Dongyi Ding , Tiannan Wang , Yuchen Eleanor Jiang , Wangchunshu Zhou

This work investigates whether synthetic emotional chain-of-thought data can improve the emotional reasoning abilities of smaller open large language models (LLMs). We design a multi-agent generation pipeline that produces therapy-style…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Arjhun Sreedar , Rohan Pillay , Laukik Patade

To establish empathy with machines, it is essential to fully understand human emotional changes. However, research in multimodal emotion recognition often overlooks one problem: individual expressive traits vary significantly, which means…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Kexue Wang , Yinfeng Yu , Liejun Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are recognized as systems that closely mimic aspects of human intelligence. This capability has attracted attention from the social science community, who see the potential in leveraging LLMs to replace human…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Qiuejie Xie , Qiming Feng , Tianqi Zhang , Qingqiu Li , Linyi Yang , Yuejie Zhang , Rui Feng , Liang He , Shang Gao , Yue Zhang

The development of believable, natural, and interactive digital artificial agents is a field of growing interest. Theoretical uncertainties and technical barriers present considerable challenges to the field, particularly with regards to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Maximilian Croissant , Madeleine Frister , Guy Schofield , Cade McCall

Large Language Model (LLM) personalization holds great promise for tailoring responses by leveraging personal context and history. However, real-world users usually possess sparse interaction histories with limited personal context, such as…

Developing and validating psychometric scales requires large samples, multiple testing phases, and substantial resources. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) enable the generation of synthetic participant data by prompting…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Enrico Cipriani , Pavel Okopnyi , Danilo Menicucci , Simone Grassini

Recent advances enable Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate AI personas, yet their lack of deep contextual, cultural, and emotional understanding poses a significant limitation. This study quantitatively compared human responses with…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Tabia Tanzin Prama , Christopher M. Danforth , Peter Sheridan Dodds

Fine-grained personas have recently been used for generating 'diverse' synthetic data for pre-training and supervised fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs). In this work, we measure the diversity of persona-driven synthetically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Gauri Kambhatla , Chantal Shaib , Venkata Govindarajan

Generating context-aware language that embodies diverse emotions is an important step towards building empathetic NLP systems. In this paper, we propose a formulation of modulated layer normalization -- a technique inspired by computer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Ruibo Liu , Jason Wei , Chenyan Jia , Soroush Vosoughi

The future of conversational agents will provide users with personalized information responses. However, a significant challenge in developing models is the lack of large-scale dialogue datasets that span multiple sessions and reflect…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Hideaki Joko , Shubham Chatterjee , Andrew Ramsay , Arjen P. de Vries , Jeff Dalton , Faegheh Hasibi

Due to the lack of human resources for mental health support, there is an increasing demand for employing conversational agents for support. Recent work has demonstrated the effectiveness of dialogue models in providing emotional support.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Jiale Cheng , Sahand Sabour , Hao Sun , Zhuang Chen , Minlie Huang

The rapid advancement of language models (LMs) necessitates robust alignment with diverse user values. However, current preference optimization approaches often fail to capture the plurality of user opinions, instead reinforcing majority…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Louis Castricato , Nathan Lile , Rafael Rafailov , Jan-Philipp Fränken , Chelsea Finn

Within the evolving landscape of deep learning, the dilemma of data quantity and quality has been a long-standing problem. The recent advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) offers a data-centric solution to alleviate the limitations of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Lin Long , Rui Wang , Ruixuan Xiao , Junbo Zhao , Xiao Ding , Gang Chen , Haobo Wang

In the era of big data, access to abundant data is crucial for driving research forward. However, such data is often inaccessible due to privacy concerns or high costs, particularly in healthcare domain. Generating synthetic (tabular) data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Yaobin Ling , Xiaoqian Jiang , Yejin Kim
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