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By generating plausible and smooth transitions between two image frames, video inbetweening is an essential tool for video editing and long video synthesis. Traditional works lack the capability to generate complex large motions. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Maham Tanveer , Yang Zhou , Simon Niklaus , Ali Mahdavi Amiri , Hao Zhang , Krishna Kumar Singh , Nanxuan Zhao

In this work, we present a data-driven framework for generating diverse in-betweening motions for kinematic characters. Our approach injects dynamic conditions and explicit motion controls into the procedure of motion transitions. Notably,…

Graphics · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Yuchen Chu , Zeshi Yang

Generative inbetweening aims to generate intermediate frame sequences by utilizing two key frames as input. Although remarkable progress has been made in video generation models, generative inbetweening still faces challenges in maintaining…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Tianyi Zhu , Dongwei Ren , Qilong Wang , Xiaohe Wu , Wangmeng Zuo

In this work we present a novel, robust transition generation technique that can serve as a new tool for 3D animators, based on adversarial recurrent neural networks. The system synthesizes high-quality motions that use temporally-sparse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Félix G. Harvey , Mike Yurick , Derek Nowrouzezahrai , Christopher Pal

We present a filter based approach for inbetweening. We train a convolutional neural network to generate intermediate frames. This network aim to generate smooth animation of line drawings. Our method can process scanned images directly.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-13 Yuichi Yagi

In-betweening is a technique for generating transitions given initial and target character states. The majority of existing works require multiple (often $>$10) frames as input, which are not always accessible. Our work deals with a focused…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Tianxiang Ren , Jubo Yu , Shihui Guo , Ying Ma , Yutao Ouyang , Zijiao Zeng , Yazhan Zhang , Yipeng Qin

Generating controllable character animation from a reference image and motion guidance remains a challenging task due to the inherent difficulty of injecting appearance and motion cues into video diffusion models. Prior works often rely on…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Guian Fang , Yuchao Gu , Mike Zheng Shou

We aim to address a significant but understudied problem in the anime industry, namely the inbetweening of cartoon line drawings. Inbetweening involves generating intermediate frames between two black-and-white line drawings and is a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Li Siyao , Tianpei Gu , Weiye Xiao , Henghui Ding , Ziwei Liu , Chen Change Loy

Video inbetweening creates smooth and natural transitions between two image frames, making it an indispensable tool for video editing and long-form video synthesis. Existing works in this domain are unable to generate large, complex, or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Maham Tanveer , Yang Zhou , Simon Niklaus , Ali Mahdavi Amiri , Hao Zhang , Krishna Kumar Singh , Nanxuan Zhao

We present a new implicit warping framework for image animation using sets of source images through the transfer of the motion of a driving video. A single cross- modal attention layer is used to find correspondences between the source…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Arun Mallya , Ting-Chun Wang , Ming-Yu Liu

Controllability, temporal coherence, and detail synthesis remain the most critical challenges in video generation. In this paper, we focus on a commonly used yet underexplored cinematic technique known as Frame In and Frame Out.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Boyang Wang , Xuweiyi Chen , Matheus Gadelha , Zezhou Cheng

We present a method for generating video sequences with coherent motion between a pair of input key frames. We adapt a pretrained large-scale image-to-video diffusion model (originally trained to generate videos moving forward in time from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Xiaojuan Wang , Boyang Zhou , Brian Curless , Ira Kemelmacher-Shlizerman , Aleksander Holynski , Steven M. Seitz

Generative inbetweening (GI) seeks to synthesize realistic intermediate frames between the first and last keyframes beyond mere interpolation. As sequences become sparser and motions larger, previous GI models struggle with inconsistent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Tae Eun Choi , Sumin Shim , Junhyeok Kim , Seong Jae Hwang

We propose Framer for interactive frame interpolation, which targets producing smoothly transitioning frames between two images as per user creativity. Concretely, besides taking the start and end frames as inputs, our approach supports…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Wen Wang , Qiuyu Wang , Kecheng Zheng , Hao Ouyang , Zhekai Chen , Biao Gong , Hao Chen , Yujun Shen , Chunhua Shen

While recent advancements in multimodal language models have enabled image generation from expressive multi-image instructions, existing methods struggle to maintain performance under complex interleaved instructions. This limitation stems…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yabo Zhang , Kunchang Li , Dewei Zhou , Xinyu Huang , Xun Wang

Existing Vision Language Models (VLMs) often struggle to preserve logic, entity identity, and artistic style during extended, interleaved image-text interactions. We identify this limitation as "Multimodal Context Drift", which stems from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Zeteng Lin , Xingxing Li , Wen You , Xiaoyang Li , Zehan Lu , Yujun Cai , Jing Tang

Despite rapid advancements in the capabilities of generative models, pretrained text-to-image models still struggle in capturing the semantics conveyed by complex prompts that compound multiple objects and instance-level attributes.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Etai Sella , Yanir Kleiman , Hadar Averbuch-Elor

We pose a new problem, In-2-4D, for generative 4D (i.e., 3D + motion) inbetweening to interpolate two single-view images. In contrast to video/4D generation from only text or a single image, our interpolative task can leverage more precise…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Sauradip Nag , Daniel Cohen-Or , Hao Zhang , Ali Mahdavi-Amiri

Motion in-betweening, a fundamental task in character animation, consists of generating motion sequences that plausibly interpolate user-provided keyframe constraints. It has long been recognized as a labor-intensive and challenging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Setareh Cohan , Guy Tevet , Daniele Reda , Xue Bin Peng , Michiel van de Panne

Existing video frame interpolation methods can only interpolate the frame at a given intermediate time-step, e.g. 1/2. In this paper, we aim to explore a more generalized kind of video frame interpolation, that at an arbitrary time-step. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Shixing Yu , Yiyang Ma , Wenhan Yang , Wei Xiang , Jiaying Liu
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