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Reasoning is a critical capability of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) for solving complex multimodal tasks, and judging the correctness of reasoning steps is crucial for improving this capability. Recently, MLLM-based process…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Yue Zhou , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Multimodal large language models have various practical applications that demand strong reasoning abilities. Despite recent advancements, these models still struggle to solve complex geometric problems. A key challenge stems from the lack…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Yue Xin , Wenyuan Wang , Rui Pan , Ruida Wang , Howard Meng , Renjie Pi , Shizhe Diao , Tong Zhang

The rapid progress of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) calls for more reliable evaluation protocols. Existing static benchmarks suffer from the potential risk of data contamination and saturation, leading to inflated or misleading…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Junzhe Zhang , Huixuan Zhang , Xiaojun Wan

Large language models (LLMs) frequently achieve impressive scores on standardized benchmarks, yet accuracy alone offers a limited view of their capabilities. Evaluating open-source LLMs through leaderboards faces persistent issues like data…

The accuracy and robustness of 3D human pose estimation (HPE) are limited by 2D pose detection errors and 2D to 3D ill-posed challenges, which have drawn great attention to Multi-Hypothesis HPE research. Most existing MH-HPE methods are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Xianzhou Zeng , Hao Qin , Ming Kong , Luyuan Chen , Qiang Zhu

The performance of image generation has been significantly improved in recent years. However, the study of image screening is rare and its performance with Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) is unsatisfactory due to the lack of data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Zhiyuan Hu , Zheng Sun , Yi Wei , Long Yu

Unified multimodal models integrate the reasoning capacity of large language models with both image understanding and generation, showing great promise for advanced multimodal intelligence. However, the community still lacks a rigorous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Hongxiang Li , Yaowei Li , Bin Lin , Yuwei Niu , Yuhang Yang , Xiaoshuang Huang , Jiayin Cai , Xiaolong Jiang , Yao Hu , Long Chen

Chain-of-Thought reasoning is widely used to improve the interpretability of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), yet the faithfulness of the generated reasoning traces remains unclear. Prior work has mainly focused on perceptual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Weijiang Lv , Yaoxuan Feng , Xiaobo Xia , Jiayu Wang , Yan Jing , Wenchao Chen , Bo Chen

Reward models play an essential role in training vision-language models (VLMs) by assessing output quality to enable aligning with human preferences. Despite their importance, the research community lacks comprehensive open benchmarks for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Michihiro Yasunaga , Luke Zettlemoyer , Marjan Ghazvininejad

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive performance on semantic tasks, their spatial intelligence--crucial for robust and grounded AI systems--remains underdeveloped. Existing benchmarks fall short of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Mingrui Wu , Zhaozhi Wang , Fangjinhua Wang , Jiaolong Yang , Marc Pollefeys , Tong Zhang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently been proposed as a means to generate natural-language explanations for face recognition decisions. While such explanations facilitate human interpretability, their reliability on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Redwan Sony , Anil K Jain , Arun Ross

Despite the syntactic fluency of Large Language Models (LLMs), ensuring their logical correctness in high-stakes domains remains a fundamental challenge. We present a neurosymbolic framework that combines LLMs with SMT solvers to produce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Vikash Singh , Darion Cassel , Nathaniel Weir , Nick Feng , Sam Bayless

Editing images using natural language instructions has become a natural and expressive way to modify visual content; yet, evaluating the performance of such models remains challenging. Existing evaluation approaches often rely on image-text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Yusu Qian , Jiasen Lu , Tsu-Jui Fu , Xinze Wang , Chen Chen , Yinfei Yang , Wenze Hu , Zhe Gan

Unified multimodal models target joint understanding, reasoning, and generation, but current image editing benchmarks are largely confined to natural images and shallow commonsense reasoning, offering limited assessment of this capability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Mingxin Liu , Ziqian Fan , Zhaokai Wang , Leyao Gu , Zirun Zhu , Yiguo He , Yuchen Yang , Changyao Tian , Xiangyu Zhao , Ning Liao , Shaofeng Zhang , Qibing Ren , Zhihang Zhong , Xuanhe Zhou , Junchi Yan , Xue Yang

Head pose estimation (HPE) is a problem of interest in computer vision to improve the performance of face processing tasks in semi-frontal or profile settings. Recent applications require the analysis of faces in the full 360{\deg} rotation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Alejandro Cobo , Roberto Valle , José M. Buenaposada , Luis Baumela

In recent years, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress on a wide range of multimodal benchmarks. Despite these advances, most existing benchmarks mainly focus on single-image or multi-image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Bingli Wang , Huanze Tang , Haijun Lv , Zhishan Lin , Lixin Gu , Lei Feng , Qipeng Guo , Kai Chen

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in vision-language answering tasks. Despite their strengths, these models often encounter challenges in achieving complex reasoning tasks such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jinhao Chen , Zhen Yang , Jianxin Shi , Tianyu Wo , Jie Tang

Image captioning has long been regarded as a fundamental task in visual understanding. Recently, however, few large vision-language model (LVLM) research discusses model's image captioning performance because of the outdated short-caption…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Hongyuan Dong , Jiawen Li , Bohong Wu , Jiacong Wang , Yuan Zhang , Haoyuan Guo

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have advanced clinical tasks for common conditions, but their performance on rare diseases remains largely untested. In rare-disease scenarios, clinicians often lack prior clinical knowledge, forcing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Junzhi Ning , Jiashi Lin , Yingying Fang , Wei Li , Jiyao Liu , Cheng Tang , Chenglong Ma , Wenhao Tang , Tianbin Li , Ziyan Huang , Guang Yang , Junjun He

The ability to estimate 3D human body pose and movement, also known as human pose estimation (HPE), enables many applications for home-based health monitoring, such as remote rehabilitation training. Several possible solutions have emerged…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Sizhe An , Yin Li , Umit Ogras
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